Several studies have already been conducted regarding the use of mother tongue-based multilingual education (MTB-MLE) in instruction. However, there is a very limited data on the views and experiences of the preservice teachers in implementing MTB-MLE to the pupils identified to have mixed vocabularies. This paper documented the experiences and views of 34 preservice teachers who were assigned at an MTB-MLE classroom of the Leyte Normal University-Integrated Laboratory School employing the descriptive single case study design. The data gathered through interviews, observations, and analysis of classroom documents were analyzed through open coding to generate themes and patterns. Results revealed the different benefits attributed to mother tongue instruction, the issues and challenges in its implementation, and the underlying misconceptions held by the preservice teachers. Recommendations of the study include the conduct of a re-orientation program and the inclusion of an intensive mother tongue course in the preservice teachers’ curriculum.

Countries around the world have different educational standards, which include the required period of formal schooling. This study made use of an exploratory research design to explore whether the length of formal schooling predicts students dropout rate. Data sets from the 2013 UNESCO database on the duration of compulsory education and the upper secondary out-of-school dropout rate among 86 countries in the world were used. In analyzing the data, data mining techniques such as averaging and regression analysis were applied. The determination of the acceptability of the models was pegged at R-Sq = 85% and above. Patterns in the results revealed that a longer period of formal schooling decreases student dropout rate until it reaches a certain saturation point. Beyond this period, the trend implies a gradual rise of dropout rate. Recommendations include the provision of interventions to foster academic interest of students in countries implementing compulsory education beyond 13 years.

Although Vietnam invasion of Cambodia had occurred for many decades, many scholars have been working on what was the main reason which led Vietnam decided to make a war with its neighbor. Whether it was a historical conflict between these two countries? Whether it was because of major powers interference in a region? Or whether it was because of Cambodia’s political conflict which brought Vietnam into this war? Among many clues finding reasons why Vietnam invaded Cambodia in 1978, the author believes that the most important factor which led these two countries to another Indochina war is “threat perception”. Therefore, this article focuses in studying a threat perception in Vietnam invasion Cambodia by applying the concepts of David Singer’s threat perception and indicator. The author uses a descriptive analysis of the documents in both the primary and secondary documents and finds that despite of its recent experience in Indochina war, Vietnam decided to make a war with Cambodia because of its perceiving Cambodia as threat based on fear that involved with five factors including with 1) current situation 2) historical experience 3) cultural differences 4) actions and policies of rivals and 5) statesman’s anxiety.

The world‘s educational system has evolved through time. These changes include the growing awareness in the special education context. Thus, an increasing number of students with special needs— both formally assessed and assumed— are observed in either private or public schools. This results to growing population of students with special needs, particularly students with learning disability. Implicitly, nationwide school divisions are experiencing the same dilemma which include the Tacloban City Division. Hence, this study is conducted to explore into the experiences and self-efficacy of teachers handling students with learning difficulty. This study made use of the mixed-method approach which include qualitative and quantitative data. This study is based on the Heidderger‘s Phenomenological design and Collaizzi‘s method of data analysis. The data collected through an interview regarding the profile of ten (10) teacher participants includes their educational attainment, years of experience, relevant trainings and seminars. This study also tests the teachers‘ self-efficacy level through the use of self-efficacy scale which was developed by Tschannen-Moran, M., & Woolfolk Hoy, A. (2001). Results revealed that teachers‘ experiences are challenging and not easy. Results also show that teachers make efforts to a certain extent to meet the needs of their students with learning difficulty based on their self-efficacy level. However, in this study, results show that there is no significant relationship between the teachers‘ profile and self-efficacy level. This study as well enumerates the teachers‘ applied best practices, challenges and coping mechanisms as highlights of their experiences. Based on these results, an action plan for teachers‘ enhancement is highly recommended.

Eva-Gesine Wegner is a German sculptress who visits Malta frequently and works mostly in stone, wood and clay. She connects the architecture of the Maltese Neolithic temples with the body of the goddesses‟ statuettes. Wagner also relates her personal emotions and spirituality with that of the temples. Her sculptures reflect the sense of lineage the artist held as a female and her response to Mother Nature. Most of her works convey the spiritual aspects of fertility, life and death.

In the past Country of Origin research, there have three main streams, one is about political emotion,e.g. Customer Ethnocentrism, Economic Animosity. The other is about Brand related or purchasing perception ,e.g. Brand Equity, Brand Engagement or Willingness to Buy. But seldom verified the different streams in one research.Since Mar. 2018 , two economic giants China and USA have exploded intense tariff war, causing a huge disturbance to the world economy . Base on the survey released by Global Times of Chinese Official media in Feb. 2018, as because the prosperity of China‟s economy, Chinese people‟s preference of local brands have increased quickly , and the negative perceptions about foreign brands also growing fast . So the research want to verified the COO issue at the same time, under such chaos economic climate, if the COO effect generat Chinese people‟s Ethnocentrism , Animosity or both ? If the Consumer Brand Engagement are strong enough , will COO still lead to the consequence willingness to buy ? This is also the gap of the research. We will issue questionnaires on line to collect datas from 400 Chinese Respondents, and choose i-phone, Nike as the product catogeries. SEM will be adoped as the empirical methodology.

This research was aimed to; 1. study and survey the data of folk doctor in the area under responsibility of Ranong Education Center, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University and 2. provide the database and apply for health self-management. It was developed the knowledge base on the networking websites of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for being the learning center of health care by the integrative medicine. The population of this research was 200 patients of the public health services in the area under responsibility of Ranong Education Center, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University which was divided into 3 groups; 1. childhood and teenage, 2. adult and 3. elder. The data was compiled using the questionnaireand interview for analyzing and processing. The statistics for data analysis were frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The researcher has concluded all issues for the qualitative analysis; content analysis, linkage analysis and change analysis. The findings revealed that the patients of the public health services in the area under responsibility of Ranong Education Center, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University were mostly interested in health self-management from internet and also interested in health information to apply for themselves and their family. The attitude assessment towards the websites and knowledge of database of folk doctor in educating and applying for health self-management in the public health services revealed that it was in the highest level (x ̅ = 4.25) which it was divided into 3 parts; 1) the knowledge and understanding were in the highest level (x ̅ = 4.21), 2) the knowledge utilization was in the highest level (x ̅ = 4.25) and 3) the assessment of website was in highest level (x ̅ = 4.29). .

This research was aimed to study the needs of elderly treatment and behaviors of elderly treatment by traditional Chinese medicine at Bang Nok Kwaek Health Promoting Hospital, Bang Khon Thi district, Samut Songkhram province. The sample group was 220 elderly person at the age of 60 and above who were the members of elderly club, by using Taro Yamane formula with 0.95 level of significance. The data was compiled with using the questionnaire in 3 parts; part 1 – the general information, part 2 – the needs of elderly treatment and part 3 – the behavior of elderly treatment by traditional Chinese medicine, which compiled for 2 months. The statistics for data analysis were percentage, mean and standard deviation.The findings revealed that 1) the needs of elderly treatment were; treatment services at home was in the high level, permanent doctor at the health promoting hospital, treatment by the alternative hospital, knowledge of the side effect of medicine and exercise, and male nurse 2) the behaviors of elderly treatment by traditional Chinese medicine, most of them were treated by Chinese herbs. .

This research is an explanatory research with cross-sectional survey methodology.There are search objective was to explain the association between the big five personality dimensions and happiness of chronic diseases elderly in Samut Songkhram province, Thailand. The sample group were 396 chronic diseases elderly. The sample group was selected using proportional stratified random sampling without replacement. The data collection tool was a 386 questionnaire 93.69% were analyzed. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s product moment correlation co-efficient, chi-square, and multiple regression analysis. The results revealed that most of the chronic diseases elderly had conscientiousness. The chronic diseases elderly had happiness level is quite happy. Age, education, marital status, occupation and number of chronic diseases is positive correlation with happiness level. Gender has no relationship with happiness level. Neuroticism personality have a positive relationship with happiness. Neuroticism could explain 5.20% of the variance in the happiness chronic diseases elderly. .