This paper focuses on the problems related to the public utilities with references to the background of managing deficits. There is also, a study to provide the ways of low transaction costs to get efficiency on any level of production capacity with no consequence on the short or long-run, and next to the specific of delivery for utilities.

The purpose of this study is to analysis impact of business regulation on Large Retail store, applying to Cournot Duopoly Model. The main result of analysis is as in the following. This study supposes that there are two economic market participant, Large retail store and Traditional market. In case of implementing the business regulation on large retail store, its reaction curve changes. Consequently, large retail store‟s output reduces and traditional market‟s output increases. In Nash equilibrium, consumer surplus declines, because of decrease in gross equilibrium output and growth in equilibrium price. And profit of large retail store rises, but traditional store‟s profit diminishes.

The development of higher education is an important index to a nation‟s economic and social progress. As a result, most governments have allocated a lot of budget to upgrade the performances of higher education. One of the key indices to assess the performances of higher education is to look at the university world rankings. Consequently, politicians as well as university administrators take world rankings as an indication of their achievements (Hazelkorn, 2013). There is quite a dispute, however, regarding the real effects of aggressively pursuing university world rankings on certain aspect of the mission of a university (Wang, 2009), i.e., the responsibility of providing quality education to young generations. In fact, one of the prevailing arguments against it is that climbing up world rankings would probably sacrifice teaching and counseling toward students, especially to undergraduate students.
Way back to 1990, Ernest L. Boyer, serving as the president of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, thoroughly discussed the fundamental purpose of a university and foresaw that the 1990s would be the decade of the undergraduate in American higher education. The reason why undergraduate teaching had been emphasized was because university students had been losers under the working systems of academic communities in which research was the priority of the professoriate. Fast forward to the present time, the situation surrounds university campus now is no different from that of 20 years ago. Those who are in charge of school administration are still pressing faculties to spend more time conducting research and publishing papers since research outcome is a major, probably the most important, evaluative factor found in most university world rankings. Consequently, the proclamation of „university students were losers‟ would probably continue to be a problem for universities staring at the university world rankings.Admittedly, appearing on world rankings might be a quick way to boost reputation for universities that are not prestigious enough or not yet on the rankings. In addition to raising up reputation, it might of course also benefit faculties and students. One of the reasons is that universities will have to do something in order to get on board. For example, they have to increase or improve teaching and researching facilities; strengthen student qualifications in the job market; invite or hire renowned scholars to the campus; attract and recruit outstanding applicants; to name just a few. To this end, the decision of pursuing world rankings seems to be a valid alternative to better higher education performances.Generally speaking, there are always pros and cons for any course of action proposed by university administrators. Pursuing university world rankings has its merit; nevertheless, it would also create some problems. This paper will look at the situation in Taiwan and peek at the possible impacts of the pursuance of university world rankings.

This study investigates whether the growing cross-border electronic commerce increases the volume of international trade or merely replaces the traditional mode of physical delivery. We carry out a comparative statistical analysis of Total trade and trade in digitizable products by developed and developing countries. The study suggests that developing countries have in the recent past penetrated into developed countries‟ markets and made up for the decline in their market share of world Total trade as well as trade in digitizable products. As a result, electronic delivery of digital products promises benefitting developing countries by gaining deeper access to international markets. We argue that given its current magnitude, market efficiency, and growth trajectory, especially in developing countries, cross-border electronic commerce offers an „additional‟ basis for explaining the flow of international trade. This study has been supported by a research grant provided by King‟s University College at Western University, Canada.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between student faculty interaction and student attrition in private universities in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was informed by Tinto‟s (1975) student integration theory and Bean‟s (1980) student attrition model. The study sample consisted of 387 current and 60 dropout students of 13 private universities in Nairobi, Kenya. Data were collected through a paper based questionnaire and in-depth interviews. The study established attrition levels of 37%. The results also showed a negative significant relationship between student faculty interaction and student attrition rate (p=.03). The study makes various multifaceted recommendations on how to control student attrition. The findings of this study are significant to university administrators, counselors and mentors in higher education institutions. Policy makers will also find these results valuable in the search for appropriate remedial action for the problem of student attrition.

This is qualitative research. The researcher has experience in international marketing and Germany and recently living in Germany Therefore, it is an opportunity to gather the business cooperation development in Thailand by 17 German entrepreneur’s opinion. This research is qualitative research by research methodology is in dept interview of both Informal Conversational Interview and gave the Interview Guide.Framework this research in questions are opinion regards to Thailand in General such as what is main purpose to visit Thailand, The Opinion about overview of Thailand economic such as Economic stability of Thailand, Which types of Thailand economic sector according to Asean Economic Committee (AEC) categories are outstanding or need to improved. The Opinion about International Business Cooperation in Thailand such as Which type of business cooperation that may interested to developed cooperate with accornding to 3 formal and 6 informal business development categoriesThe samples used in the research is divided into two groups of the first group are 5 key informants sampling and the second group are sampling Snowball which Key informant have recommended number including 17 interviewee. The study area in Germany is The Regional of Economic region Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region in Baden-Württemberg ,as the first European Upstream Engineering Technology By the time of data collection and research is January 2556 to July 2556.The results were as follows: German entrepreneurs are focus on the development of business partnerships with established companies those have legally registered and the stability of the business. The general overview of Thailand is very common well know on the business travel industry, more than any other business. The Economy Thailand’s political recently looks instability and lack of confidence to invest or develop the business cooperation. The perception of the country’s economic news of Thailand the German Entrepreneurs get information from German newspaper and the German website or informal informed by colleagues or friends in Thailand. The perception of the ASEAN economic community is still unrecognized and unclear understanding specially the German entrepreneurs thought the AEC would use the same currency to Euro as same as Europe Union however the results have showed that AEC does not affect much to the business cooperation development . German entrepreneurs give opinions regarding the difficulties or obstacles in the development of business cooperation in Thailand are Political stabilities which may affected to the investment policies and confidential to investment. The another difficulties are communication channel both formal and informal which made lack of correct informative regarding business cooperation.The Recommendations to the Thai entrepreneurs who expect to maintain or create business business cooperation with Germans entrepreneurs are well preparing about legally business registration according to Germany investment law and policies and make understanding that German entrepreneurs are interested in the informal business cooperation as Research and Development Cooperation (Technology innovation sharing) or Sourcing and Purchasing Cooperation rather than the officially business cooperation like Contractual Agreement Cooperation or Joint Venture Cooperation.The Recommendations to the relevant government departments should parallel work together to provide a better informative understanding of overall economic policies of Thailand in order to preparing the business cooperation development. For example, the Ministry of Commerce could encourage the entrepreneurs to properly registered business and also improve the promotion regarding the ASEAN economic community not only in the Asian region but also promote to the International Recognization like the European Union which Germany in one country with a strong leader in EU. Suggestions for further research, the useful research would be the research on the business perspective and approach to development cooperation with German entrepreneurs. And the study of ASEAN Economic Community apply into business cooperation development inside and outside the Asian region.The research benefits gained from is to prepare Thai entrepreneurs who interested in developing business cooperation with German entrepreneurs to develop their business policies and managerial strategies base on German entrepreneur’s opinions.

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between companies‟ financial performance and their social and environmental reporting performance. In accordance with this aim, Borsa Istanbul 100 companies‟ annual reports for 2013 and web pages were analyzed through the method of content analysis. The results of the study point out to a positive and meaningful relationship between financial performance and social and environmental reporting performance.

The aim of this study is to determine the financial structure of Turkish furniture manufacturing sector and its place in the manufacturing sector. For this purpose, firstly the sector’s general characteristics and its place in the manufacturing sector in Turkey are explained. Then, the furniture manufacturing sector’s balance sheets and income statements for 2010-2014 period are analyzed using common size percentage and ratio analysis which are financial statement analysis methods.

What is polygamy? By whom, why and how is it practised? In a comparative study of two grounds with a strong Moslem population, such as Turkey and Algeria, we will try to answer these questions that are both macro sociological and micro sociological.In Turkey, between an official ban and a tolerant tradition, the management of polygamy in the public space is made through strategies of circumventing the institutional laws to organize polygamy on the administrative and legal plans.When in Algeria, regarding the management of this organization, laws exist to limit polygamy but without really forbidding it. But it becomes then a perpetual game of circumventing the laws in a formal / informal relationship.So, in the current societies studied in this research work, the reasons of the practice of polygamy are not only of religious matter. It appears also there. It represents so many cultural, economic and social reasons there. Whether it is in Turkey or in Algeria, polygamy is not practised in the same way and for the same reasons (because they are multiple) but finally the nature of the reasons does not change: it is to satisfy an expression of the self in a holistic social environment. It would thus be a means to fit in the social standards while still being an individual will. But the conflicting nature of the practice of polygamy stimulates authority and power relationships through a process of territorialization and of appropriation of the polygamous space, which transforms polygamy into a social destroyer where its impacts on children is no less.

With rapid expanded higher education, the issue of learning performance has caused public concern. Various significant characteristics of college students’ learning have been found in previous studies, while the knowledge related to time management and academic challenge among resilient students in higher education is still limited. This study aims to determine the student’s time management and academic challenge for resilient students in a specific higher education setting. Given this purpose, we selected 113 students fitted the criteria of resiliency from the 1,191 college students’ data of engagement survey in 2015. In this study, time management refers to 8 different academic activities, while the academic challenge contents learning intention, course participation, quantity of reading, and cognitive engagement. This study employed correlation and multiple regression models to analyze how the different dimensions of learning activities will influence their learning experiences. The correlation analysis reveals that cognitive engagement has shown significant relationship with learning intention (r=.474, p < .001), course participation (r=.269, p<.01), and quantity of reading (r=-.208, p<.05) respectively. The result of regression model reveals cognitive engagement is the key factors which will prompt to enrich resilient students’ leaning experiences. The findings fit the related cognitive engagement theory. The results of this study may enhance the knowledge of resilient students’ engagement in higher education.

The paper was carried out to explore the impact of digital divide on access & utilization among the underground students of Jigawa State College of Education, Gumel. Related literature on Digital Divide where reviewed. Survey research was employed in data collection from the sample population. Questionnaire was administered using face to face method. The paper also discusses the ways of bridging these gaps. Conclusion and recommendation were drawn.

The main purpose of software testing is to detect software failures to ensure that a product functions work as expected. Therefore, there is need to test huge possible number of input combinations. T-way testing is a sampling approach to minimize input combinations. Recently, adapting optimization algorithm for T-way testing is very interested. As a consequence, many t-way optimization algorithm based strategies have been designed and implemented. In order to guide software tester to choose the best software testing strategy, there is a need to evaluate and benchmark the performance of each strategy against common case studies. In this paper, we present a comparison between two strategies, Harmony Search (HS) and Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) based strategies. Our experiments have performed on a real-world case study. Experiments results demonstrate that the performance is almost the same for both strategies and there is no one strategy can always be the best; however HS-based strategy performs better than FPA-based in many cases.

Observations on the structure of invertebrate fauna has been made in some plum plantations of Stanley and Rivers timpuriu varieties, located in Vasile Adamachi Farm and Pietrarie stationary from Iasi, during the two years 2014 and 2015.The Barber traps were used, which consisted of incorporation in the soil of some pots with a volume of 500 ml which was placed a solution of formalin (40%) diluted with water to a concentration of 5%. The location of traps it has been made on two rows at a distance of 12 meters between rows and 6 meters between traps, 3 each pots in a row. The samples collecting was done in each of the two years of observation in the period May to September, at intervals of about 10-20 days. Analysing the collected material in 2014 from Vasile Adamachi stationary at Rivers timpuriu and Stanley varieties it found that after 12 harvesting in the 72 traps were totaled a number of 1146 samples and at Pietrarie stationary the total number of samples it was 655.During the period of observations in 2015 from Vasile Adamachi stationary, following of the 20th collection out of the 120 traps have totalled a number of 1915 samples and at Pietrarie stationary after 17 harvests of 102 traps total was 1007 samples. It was established the structure of species and were calculated the most important ecological indexes such as: Abundance, Constant, Dominant and Ecological significance index .In the research period it was collected in total from the two stationary at the two studied varieties, of the 246 traps a total of 4723 samples. The species with the highest number of samples were: Hymenoptera (wasps) 440 samples, Orthoptera (grasshoppers) 312 samples, Polydrosus sericeus 217 samples, Lepidoptera (larvae) 202 samples, Hymenoptera (ants) 178 samples, Orthoptera (crickets) 161 samples, and Pseudophonus rufipes 159 samples.

Obesity has been rising as a major public health challenge. The obesity epidemic is more in middle aged women in urban areas than those of rural areas. Metabolic disease has characteristic features like higher prevalence of abdominal obesity in South Asians than white Caucasians. Because of the occurrence of metabolic syndrome at a lower range of body mass index (BMI) and it is proposed that cut offs for both measures of obesity should be changed to reach a new setting point for overweight BMI 23-24.9kg/m2 and ≥25 kg/m2 for obesity for South Asians. The strength and direction of energy balance (energy flux and body weight) and the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has not been adequately investigated. In this study nearly 2000 middle-aged Bangladeshi women were taken as a study population who had not suffered from diabetes. These women had to face interview at the initial phase and finally repeated investigation was done regularly to collect information on their metabolic risk factors. Over a period of 3.6 years follow-up, 850 new cases of T2D were documented. During follow-up 850 new cases of T2D were documented. Energy intake (EI) was associated with increased risk, and energy expenditure with physical activity (PA) was associated with change in weight and decreased risk of T2D.In our population, we found women tend to develop T2D who are less active with higher EI than those of more active with lower EI. We also observed the association was more evident among overweight and obese women (BMI≥25 kg/m2). These follow up study suggest that energy balance plays a dominant role in the development of weight regulation and this effect may be modified by BMI. Body weight regulation is a complex collection and genetic variables that control energy intake and expenditure. Further study of this concept may help to achieve a healthy weight.