With the global integration of financial markets, the international capital flows have become one of main factors playing a significant role on determining adjustments of domestic financial markets. This study examines the co-movement of exchange rates and stock market indexes among those of the US, Canada, UK, Germany, Italy, France and Spain. Specifically the correlation and Vector Auto regression (VAR) are applied to investigate the relationship. The correlation analysis shows that there exist the statistically significant co-movements only during the period of Global Financial Crisis. Also the result obtained from VAR indicates that the US has been the origin of causality influencing the directions of variations of exchange rates and stock market indexes of other countries, except the case of UK. These findings identify the dominance of the US on adjustments of financial markets in other developed countries, especially during the Global Financial Crisis, and also suggest the necessity for all countries on formulating appropriate policies to mitigate impacts on the local economy.

This paper aims at examining the empirical change in the long-horizon validity of Uncovered Interest Parity (UIP) in comparison between Thailand and Singapore. The precise form of UIP is tested through Pedroni panel cointegration in order to avoid the misspecification from the approximated form of UIP and allow heterogeneity across the countries. The obtained results indicate that there exists a long-run cointegration between the gross domestic return and the uncovered gross foreign returns. Based on this outcome, the techniques of Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS) and Dynamic OLS (DOLS) are applied to the data. The results obtained from both methods of panel cointegration estimates show that patterns of long-run cointegrating coefficients of Thailand and Singapore are similar. Also these results exhibit that the UIP holds for both countries only the period before the Global Financial Crisis. These outcomes suggest that there have been other factors influencing the determination of exchange rates of both currencies since the crisis, which include the increasing dominances of euro and yen on both currencies and the changing patterns of capital flows. These evidences suggest the monetary authorities to closely monitor the changing determination of their currencies, and also raise the concern on the formulation of monetary policies based on conventional UIP concept.

Burkina Faso is one of poverty countries in Africa. Many cooperative projects were carried out by developed countries, especially from Taiwan, in this land. The international cooperation and development fund of Taiwan (Taiwan ICDF) has constructed a 3,300 ha irrigation system for rice cultivation at Bagré, southern west of Burkina Faso since 1994. However, the rice production system in the area is getting worse while the project was terminated in 2009. This article focuses on clarifying the impact of culture the communication breakdowns between the countries. Field investigation and farmers’ interviews were employed to evaluate the effect of international cooperation. Similarly, more than 1,600 families have been settled in the reclamation area of Bagré since the beginning of these agricultural activities. These families came from all over the country with more than 85% are illiterates and even not able to speak a slide word in French. The technicians from Taiwan also could not or slightly express themselves in French. The impact of communication between the people of both countries are discovered and, analysed according to summarization from field investigation of 9 farmers’ families settled in Bagré perimeter for more than 10 years. Special attention is given to the influences of cross-cultural communications, such as national culture and corporate culture, on the effect of cooperation both of countries. Nevertheless, the adoption of advanced civilization results the original natural ecological change because of accelerated development. The whole results found in this research could be provided the available information for the operation mode of non-profit organizations in the future.

The study of nature financial risks, reasons their origins and possabilities of decrease are significant topic of economic science. Many practical guestions remain little study and reguire answer. This determines the relevance of this article and the purpose of its writing. Using econometric technigues in the present work, we examined various aspect of the sphere sea transportation, revealing the most important factors of external environment, what enfluence on the risks sea transportation.Examine some principal characteristics of the sphere sea transportation and reveal the factors influence оn the risk transportation. Siggested to classify this factors on separate groups dependence from degree influence on the risk. Accent attention on the methods analysis the factors of axternal environment. Realize the interpretation each factor with use the model T.E.M.P.L.E.S.(Technology, Economics, Market, Politics, Laws, Ecology, Society).Base the inference about need for special research for bring to light and appraisal economic risks in sea trancportation.

Differentiation is a significant element in firm’s development. It can also assist the businesses to gain competitive advantage and generate the precise strategy. Thus in this paper, we propose the matrix model of differentiation in value chain to analyze the differentiation activities of convenience chain stores in Taiwan. The findings based on the interview of key person in convenience chain stores are that time, customers’ demand and financial aspect impact on differentiation in value chain. For future research, we can apply quantitative research for testing results or expand participants in qualitative research.

There has been a continuous pressure on organizations to drive out excessive costs, obsolete products and services, and general inefficiencies so as to compete in the price sensitive global arena. Can the innovation strategy be a potent tool for bailing organizations from the circumstance? The major objective of this paper is to assess the relationship between the innovation strategies of organizations and their impact on firm performance. The paper draws substantially on extant literature and research work carried out on the innovation strategy and other High Performance Work Practices (HPWPs) and to consider their impact on the improvement of organizations. It was discovered that the innovation strategy and other HPWPS indeed impact financial and operational outcomes of organizations; achieve higher levels of productivity than more traditional approaches with combinations of certain innovative practices in HR leading to improved productivity. The paper concludes that innovations and other HPWPs are key vehicles in promoting the improvement of organizations. As a result of the aforementioned, the paper recommends the incorporation of measures and benchmarks of the diffusion of HPWPs; the encouragement of an understanding of HPWPs among managers and the incorporation of the knowledge of innovative HR management practices in major management qualifications.

This paper will examine the impact on the apparel firms‘ growth and performance of major apparel exporting countries with special concentration on that of Bangladesh after the phase out of multi fiber agreement (MFA) on 31 December 2004. Almost all anticipated that removal of MFA may lead to a dramatic drop in the export from Bangladesh and other Asian nations, but the real fact and feature are completely reverse. In fact, our analysis reveals that all major apparel exporters like Italy, Turkey, France, Belgium, Hong Kong – China, South Korea etc lost their export trend since 2008 due to the global recession in their export destinations despite of having preferential access and geographical proximity. Bangladesh not only maintained their past gains, but also improved their performance considerably during both post-MFA and recession periods. This surprising and reverberating growth of Bangladesh‘s RMG sector could be attributed to continuous support from her government, lowest wage rate, lower export price, accompanied by stable exchange rate, political stability since 2007. The information in this paper is mostly based on secondary sources. Panel data on export in textile and clothing has been used to evaluate the objective of this paper. The paper has explained the reasons behind such performance of Bangladeshi apparel industry. Moreover it has also incorporated the existing obstacles in this sector and mentioned some policies to overcome from these problems, so that the economy can ensure a sustainable growth in apparel industry.

Children are investment of parents for the future. Socialization process given by parents to children becomes important because socialization in the family will be influential for the children development. But nowadays, the reality that just some children get appropriate and necessary socialization process, thing that happens is the opposite, parents give bad socialization that brings harm to the children. Furthermore, children’s rights are violated and cannot be obtained.Violence against children is a growing phenomenon and it continuously happen in Indonesia, especially for children who are born in bad environment and weak economic conditions. Children experiencing physical, verbal, economic, and psychological violence in their daily life and even become their common treatment is even considered reasonable. It happens because of parents ignorance on attitudes and behavior that they give to their children.In order to understand such phenomenon, researchers used a qualitative approach. This method will explained with research design, data collecting procedures, data recording, and their uses as measurement tools to proof this phenomenon. Theory used in this research is constructivism/interpretative by Peter L. Berger and Luckmann (2014). Berger and Luckmann said that the dialectic between individual creates society, and society will create individual. This process occurs through externalization, objectivation, and internalization. This process has three stages called momen.

In 21st century, education is facing new challenges, arising from the convergent impacts of globalization and advance in technology, which give rise to the increasing importance of knowledge as a principal driver of growth, and the information and social revolution. In this era of global economy, knowledge has excelled competitively and information is more readily available to the people. Knowledge is increasingly the key to success and to sustainable economic and social development that benefits us all. Innovation, which fuels new job creation and economic growth, is quickly becoming the key factor in global competitiveness. The knowledge society is increasingly relies on the distribution and use of information and knowledge, as well as its creation. Knowledge is always a factor for economic and social development of any society. The emergence of the knowledge society, building on the pervasive influence of modern information technologies, is bringing about a fundamental reshaping of the global economy. This paper aims at discussing about knowledge society becoming the key resource to the development of a country and its people. Knowledge society will need to be lifelong learners, adapting continuously to changed opportunities, work practices, business models and forms of economic and social organization.

A Process Control System (PCS) monitors the manufacturing environment and electronically controls the process or manufacturing flow based on the various set-points given by the user. The application of the Information System (IS) in different corporations is to provide timely and accurate business transaction processes. There are many types of Information System, one of them is Process Control System (PCS). PCS supports the operational management to make operations or production plan and competitive decisions. PCS provides them a quick snapshot of the company’s operation progress, for them to spot their problems, solutions for their operation and production difficulties, and identifying opportunities. Majority of companies in Metro Manila are now using PCS.The research design used was descriptive. The data gathered from the respondent companies thru survey was used for content analysis. The application of the Process Control System (PCS) in different organization is to support their business transaction, it support the company’s operational to analyze important data in production. In a manufacturing setup, there will be different parameters for critical processes that have to be monitored. The real time values of these parameters will be fed to a central control system. These values are compared with the preset set-points through feedback systems and the necessary alerts are output on the display system, so that corrective action can be taken. Based on the finding results, only 25 companies or 29.07 % (out of 86 companies) claimed that they are using Process Control System (PCS). They used PCS in able to let the operation managers accessible to updated and timely information about a company’s success factor in production aspect that they consider important in running their company. Many respondents using PCS to provide them change management (8%), job requesting (12%), communication (8%), control machines used (24%) , for cargo freight service (16%) , broadcast request (4%), credit loan processing (4%), control various parameters (24%) , synchronization (12%), and helps analyze and manage financial data (12%). The proponent also found out that there’s more perceived advantages compared to disadvantages of using PCS by the top corporations in Metro Manila.

Teenage mothers face many problems that adult mothers do not. In societies with strong social control of sexual behavior, teen mothers are socially forced to drop out of school, and are faced with shames even within their own and spouse’s family. This paper argues that even though teen mothers fall in difficult situation, as an agent, they keep struggling to overcome problems in their everyday life, not surrendering to the dominating socio-cultural structure. The paper focuses on teen mothers’ uses of capitals in their motherhood practices, by adopting Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of practice. This paper is qualitative with the phenomenological method. Data was collected through life history, in-depth interview and observation with 12 teen mothers. The content analytical method was employed for data analysis. Although motherhood practices can be found in various fields or contexts – family, community, school, peer and work, this paper focuses on teen mothers’ practices in various types of families. Most teen mothers were found to have very limited economic capital. To overcome this constraint, they turn to other important capitals which are sometimes overlooked, namely cultural, social and symbolic capitals. These capitals, combined with the habitus gained from socialization, enable some teen mothers to successfully negotiate life challenges.

Multi-Perspective Palm Reading is a new type of hand reading that is rising from a detailed review of scientific reports about the use of the hand as a diagnostic instrument. Main objective of this review is to diagnose an illness at its first stage or before it’s spread-out by combining scientific and classical knowledge. Here I want to present the method of diagnosing the illness like Syndromes. Hand is taken under experiment with regard to multi perspectives. In Multi-Perspective Palm Reading the hand is described to represent a system involving 5 major perspectives, which together describe how ‘structure’ and ‘function’ represent complementary phenomena. Additionally, these 5 major perspectives of the hand are sub-divided in 9 minor levels which are being used to describe the significance of hand signs for individual themes. A high standard is set with two basic rules which describe how: (1) combinations of significant hand signs for every theme are required to relate to at least 4 out of the 5 major perspectives, and (2) for individual themes an additional requirement is set which relates to at least 1 specific level out of the 9 minor levels. In addition to this the hand signs are ranked by Log Odds Ratios. Multi perspective palm reading provides a deep reflection and understanding of how hand structure correlates with hand function. As a result of this I confirm that hand can be used as an instrument in order to diagnose illness. In conclusion I emphasize the fact that prevention is better than cure. I further confirm that good humor and cure should continue in this world as a living condition with the power of medical science combine with palmistry.

Orang Asli is the name attributed to the indigenous population originating from the hinterland of Peninsular Malaysia. Previous researchers have indicated substantial learning disengagement among the Orang Asli students. Prevalent dropouts and absenteeism were attributed to issues related to school, teachers, learners, parents, and communities. Perspectives that have been forwarded are mainly those of school heads, teachers, parents, and head of the communities; few are those that represent learners. In contrast, this paper focuses on how some others among these students have been able to complete the schooling process and beyond, successfully, despite the oft cited challenges and barriers. This paper presents a research in-progress that investigates the situation from a „hope‟ perspective. The research is conducted qualitatively following the Grounded Theory method. Sampling was purposeful, within the context of theoretical sampling following the Grounded Theory approach. To-date, data have been gathered through unstructured interviews with fourteen (14) participants who have reached tertiary level education. This paper however, present the initial data gathered from fieldwork and interviews with the first participant, which sets the scene for the subsequent research process. The final findings are expected to provide an in-depth knowledge of the leading learning process among the successful Orang Asli students; providing baseline and benchmarks for students, parents, teachers, schools, community, and policy makers to consider for the betterment indigenous education. Finally, the study will also contribute to the body of literature that supports hope and achievement despite the deficit, among minority, indigenous community.

The study aimed to develop task-based writing materials to enhance the writing skills of the engineering students of Ramon Magsaysay Technological University (RMTU). Specifically, it aimed to identify the learning styles and strategies of the students, as well as the frequently used rhetorical pattern found in Engineering textbooks. Compare the evaluation of usefulness between the English and content teachers. This is a descriptive research that used survey- questionnaires and checklist for evaluating of writing tasks.The learning styles of engineering students were visual, auditory and kinesthetic which are very often used. The learning strategies of the student respondents were a combination of five: metacognitive, compensation, cognitive, social and memory that were “sometimes used”; the affective strategy was not used. Common rhetorical patterns found in engineering textbooks were definition, description (process and mechanism), partition and classification. The materials were evaluated as “very useful” by both English and content teachers with no significant difference noted. Task-based instructional materials are recommended for use to enhance the academic performance of the students. It is important that language teachers employ a wide range of activities in their materials that will result to different experiences and promote learning styles and learning strategies. Likewise, the activities will focus on rhetorical functions that needed in learning paragraph organization basic in engineering and technology. The involvement of the content teachers in the evaluation of the task-based materials is essential in the preparation and construction of such materials. Their inputs and insights are helpful in the improvement of said materials since they are highly technical and focus on their course curriculum.

This study explains the Philippine historiography using hermeneutics in analyzing the elements of Philippine history in the light of the philosophical perspectives of Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche. Specifically, it attempts to identify the main elements of the Philippine history and to shed light on these historical accounts using Nietzsche‟s lens.Philippine history primarily comprises pre-Spanish colonization, Spanish colonization, American occupation, Japanese occupation, World War II, Marcos regime, and People Power Revolution. These major events are catastrophic. The Filipinos during these periods have suffered and died because of their love for freedom. But, the value of freedom which they fight for has gradually been corrugated by the influence of colonizers.In the light of Nietzsche‟s philosophy, the endurance and determination of the Filipinos to take their liberty and rights back from the claws of their oppressors speaks of their will to power. But, due to the influence of western cultures in the moral fiber of the Filipino‟s soul, the will to power and the will to life are so much corrupted and weakened that fighting for independence is just but futile. Thus, Nietzsche maintains trans-valuation of values as this can purify the decadence of Filipinos‟ mindset.

This study sought to analyze laity‟s involvement in the Church through Karol Wojtyla‟s theology and Gabriel Marcel‟s philosophy. To facilitate the content of the paper, this work asked these questions: 1.) What is Gabriel Marcel‟s philosophy of communion in relation to the laity‟s involvement in the Church? 2.) What is Karol Wojtyla‟s notion of participation in relation to the laity‟s involvement in the Church? 3.) What are the implications of the analysis of the Laity‟s involvement in the Church, by the use of Wojtyla‟s notion of participation and Marcel‟s philosophy of communion? In the course of the presentation, the deep discussion of Karol Wojtyla‟s theory of participation and its relation to the laity‟s involvement in the Church was discussed where his definition of what is a laity and his idea about the duties of the lay faithful in the Church were presented. Accordingly, kingly, priestly and prophetic mission encompasses the duties of the laity. It also presented the discussion on Gabriel Marcel‟s philosophy of communion in relation to the laity‟s involvement in the Church. It further exposed Marcel‟s concept of communion and how it is achieved. Encounter, availability, presence, and engagement towards other human beings were pointed out as the ways for achievement.The relationships found in the view of Wojtyla and Marcel‟s laity‟s participation in the Church were presented. Along with the presentation, it was found out that both philosophies delved on the understanding of human person as it existentially relates with the other people. Thus, this led to the presentation of the analysis and the implications on Wojtyla and Marcel‟s view on lay‟s participation in the Church. It further displayed how both philosophers successfully presented their thoughts on the said matter. It was discovered that Wojtyla is not forgetful in his devotion to the Divine given the fact that the end purpose of his notion of laity‟s Participation credits the thought that it is God whom man is relating to. Moreover, Wojtyla‟s notion of participation further implied that such relating with others would lead one to the fulfillment and satisfaction of his quest for a life with an intervention of God. Marcel on the other hand with his philosophy of communion among laity, implied the thought that every man is a man of encounter. With much consideration of Marcel‟s thought on this matter, he emphasized that every man is born for others. Man does not live by just simply relating with the other but by making it true that such existence matters.

The largely dominated heterosexual workplace and shifting policies of companies pushed LGBTs to either open, hide or deny their sexuality. The conflicting perceptions and acceptance of Filipinos towards the LGBT, lead to limited employment opportunities and conditional acceptance. Thus, this study aimed to discover the experiences of the LGBTs amidst the present work environment, particularly their experience encountered at work, the meanings associated to their career opportunity and how they coped with their experience. This is a multiple case study using qualitative method to unravel the LGBTs lived experiences. Purposive sampling was employed, particularly only LGBTs who are in the height of their career are chosen in the field of sales, banks, and in the business process outsource industry. A validated researcher-made questionnaire was used during the in-depth key informant interview (KII) involving a lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender. A focus group discussion was undertaken to ensure the validity and reliability of the information gathered from the participants during the KII. Furthermore, informed consent and peer debriefing was done. Based on the transcription the following themes were taken out from their experiences: differences in showing their sexuality during application at work, variance in workplace acceptance, resourceful and practical in viewing the situation, structural discrimination, and unorthodox treatment. For the LGBTs, these experiences meant that work values are more important than questions of sexuality, that as long as the LGBTs work within the bounce of company policies and are productive at work, sexuality is not an issue. LGBTs have the skill advantage, but often became the cause of discrimination and the need for them to be financially stable before reaching the age of 40. Furthermore, LGBTs vary in coping with situation they either ignore the discrimination and avoid conflict, keep a low profile, or embrace sexuality and make it an advantage.

Selfie and groufie activities have changed the way people look at others and themselves alongside the advent of different social media platforms. With these phenomena, youth today are tagged as the major users of technologies promoted to these ends. The motivations of these actions warrant an investigation to understand the popular tendencies. This study aimed to determine whether the students’ behavioral intention to indulge in selfie and/ or groufie is affected by their attitude, social influence and capability. Specifically, it also assessed whether there are significant influences of attitude, social influence and capability on the actual usage of selfie and groufie. Descriptive-correlation approach was used in this study. There were 400 randomly chosen respondents from selected universities and colleges in Davao City, who participated in the study. The researchers used a validated questionnaire to obtain information relevant to the investigation. Structural equation modeling, specifically path analysis was used to establish the relationship among the specific variables to ascertain how strong the attitude, social influence and capability to use social media gadgets affect the behavioral intention to indulge in selfie and groufie. Findings reveal that attitude (b= .413: p< .01) and social influence (b= 412: p< .01) almost comparably and significantly influence the interest of the students to indulge in selfie/groufie activities. In particular, attitude is largely represented by the perceived usefulness (b=.572: p< .01) while social influence is greatly determined by close friend influence (b= .350: p<.01). On the other hand, capability is largely dependent on self-efficacy (b= .525: p<.01). This research endeavor has shed light on this ubiquitous behavior of the students prevailing everywhere, academic environment included.

Highly complex and integrated modern chemical process plants are susceptible of disturbances that propagate throughout the plant from one unit to other interconnected units and create plant wide oscillations. These persisting oscillations are originated due to various faults such as sensor faults, valve faults, process faults and controller tuning faults. These types of nonlinear faults can be characterized by a fundamental frequency and its harmonics. This paper demonstrates a novel data driven off-line time domain method to identify the root-cause of plantwide or unit-wide disturbances to troubleshoot plantwide disturbances using harmonics analysis. The successful application of the proposed method has been demonstrated through simulated data.

This research applied the rules and steps of Mind Mapping incorporated with picture-book teaching materials to design a picture-book reading instruction program which is suitable for the first-grade elementary students.This research was conducted under the nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design, sampling from two first grade classes in an elementary school in Taipei City. One class was assigned as the experimental group, and the other was assigned as the control group. The experiment teaching period was 24 periods, 2 periods a week for 12 weeks. The experimental group received the incorporating Mind Mapping with picture-book reading instruction, while the control group received the regular picture-book reading instruction. Before the study was officially conducted, the experimental group learned Mind Mapping skills for one semester. They also received two Mind Mapping classes as review in the beginning of the next semester.The research tools used were “Reading Comprehension Test” by Miss Li-Chi Lee; “Picture-Book Reading Comprehension Test” designed the researcher, and “Questionnaire on Mind Mapping Instruction Feedback”. The data of this research were analyzed by one-way ANCOVA and percentage frequency. The qualitative data such as students’ worksheets, and teaching introspections were integrated to provide an evidence for research results.The major findings of this research were summarized as follows:1. Incorporating Mind Mapping with picture-book reading instruction could raise the students’ reading comprehension ability.2. Students in the experimental group had excellent and positive responses to the incorporating Mind Mapping with picture-book reading instruction.

The purpose of this study was to develop a verbal aptitudes test for mid-grade (Grade 3-4) primary school students. With theoretical and work analysis, the test, including form A and B, consisting of words relationship reasoning, the usage of words reasoning, sentence reasoning and reading reasoning, was applied to 1218 students from three urban schools and two rural schools in four areas in Hunan province for reliability and validity inspection. Followings are the technical reports ①Raw scores of each test increase by grade. ②Items with the difficulty level between 0.30 and 0.69 account for 63.4% in the test. Subtests with valid discriminability account for over 91%. On the whole, about 94% of the items’ discrimination indexes are greater than 0.2 and the average discrimination index ranges from 0.42 to 0.66. ③ The test-retest reliability of form A and B is over 0.77, but the test-retest equivalent-form reliability is relatively low (0.44). The α coefficients of form A and B is 0.92. ④ Both A and B are significantly correlated with final unified Chinese examination scores, indicating that the this test can be a good predictor of academic performance and has good predictive validity. The correlation between this test and the basic Chinese language skills test constructed at the same period of time is 0.77 for form A while 0.40 for form B. Both are statistically significant. In conclusion, the reliability and validity of VATPSS conforms to the basic requirement of the psychological measurement.

Writing literature review is a challenging undertaking for many graduate students, not to mention for L2 writers who have to use a foreign language to write up a thesis or dissertation. To date, literature review (hereafter LR) has been explored for its move structure (Kwan 2006, Hsiao & Yu, 2012); however, text constructions related to move development have remained unclear.This study aimed to find out the text construction and features from the perspective of move structure. Two research questions were raised for this study: (1) What were the move configurations of LRs at low-rated and high-rated levels? (2) What were their textual features at each level? In this study, thirty theses were randomly chosen. Thirty LRs were rated and grouped into four levels. The statistical results showed that LRs composed by these graduates fundamentally serve to present relevant field knowledge. No topic expansion is found in the deficient group. The competent group has a complete occurrence of the four major moves. The other major finding is that the deficient group mainly uses single move configuration. The use of complicated move configuration is shown in the competent group. This study provides pedagogical implicationsand genre analysis for thesis writing teachers as well as graduate students.

Reading is one of the most important ways for learning, but lots of children with reading difficulties have struggled in reading and spelling in the classroom. The effective reading strategies are extremely crucial because the research showed those strategies could improve reading abilities for children with reading difficulties. In this study, we investigated the components of reading difficulties from the evidence-based research and then adapted those difficulties to 6 categories according to the theory of Component Reading Process. Delphi method was adapted in the study. Eighteen reading experts, including 9 professors from universities and 9 special education teachers from resource classroom, were recruited with purposive sampling . They were asked few semi-structured questions about the effective reading strategies for children with reading difficulties. Finally, there were 17 effective reading assistive strategies investigated from 32 empirical studies. The results indicated that 11 of 17 reading assistive strategies were rated as “priority”, and 6 were rated as “limited” for enhancing the reading performance of children with reading difficulties. Therefore, this study showed that the reading assistive strategies could be implied in the practical environment while teachers made individual educational programs for each student. The study also suggested that the implementations of effective reading strategies were depended on the difficulties of reading processes.

Physical education is a vital arena for promoting students physical activity participation. Harter’s (1981) theory of competence motivation proposes that the quality of an experience is the critical determinant for the development of perceived competence. Intensive physical activity has been more strongly associated with competence levels than unorganized activity .It draw pertinent data and information needed to determine the teaching competencies of Physical Education teachers, this study utilized the descriptive method of research .It also determine what is presently happening in the competency of the physical education teachers. There are twenty five faculty members of the College of Physical Education, Recreation and Sports of Bulacan State University. Based on the findings of the study most of the faculties are in the instructor rank and few are in the associate professor and professor respectively. The findings also shows that the teaching competency of Certificate of Physical Education Graduates were ahead as compare to the Physical Education Graduates teaching in the College of Physical Education, Recreation and Sports in the four factors namely student learning ,management , learning climate and professionalism. While the PE Graduates were slightly over to CPE graduates in the Instruction .The administration should encourage the faculty to pursue advance studies to make the faculty profile stronger.

Efforts in developing public housing schemes are usually seen as vital strategic action in ensuring the necessary support is accorded to low income groups, with the overall aim of balancing the economic and physical development of a nation. However, the establishment of these public housing schemes by the related government agencies has brought on numerous negative issues and implications to various parties. One of the more glaring issues, from both the academic and industry perspective, concerns the difficulty, ineffectiveness and insufficiency of the implemented maintenance activities and programmes on these public housing units. The purpose of this study is to reveal the difficulties faced by the related government agencies in implementing maintenance programmesin public housing projects. Study data was collected through interviewswith public housing management groups from three local governments.The qualitative data was subsequently analysed using thematic analysis.Study findings revealed that these government agencies faced several difficulties,which can be categorised under the themes of resources, management, organization and human issues. This study also discovered that awareness and cooperation among tenants who occupied the public housing units have a significant impact towards the performance of maintenance programmes in public housing schemes.

Estrogen, which is one of the normal reproductive hormones in females can lead to, and/or complicate a variety of diseases such as estrogen-responsive tumors. When it gets elevated in the blood, it is also capable of proliferating and metastasizing tumors and complicating atherosclerosis, obesity, etc.Hyperestrogenemia occurs in premenopausal women but can be correlated with heart problem like thrombosis of myocardial infarction in men. This study evaluated the ability of the plant extract in lowering the serum level of estrogen, progesterone and follicle stimulating hormone. Its effect on ovary and uterus was also studied. Confirmatory tests for reported phytoconstituents ascertained the presence of alkaloids, proteins, carbohydrates, saponins and tannins. Results of acute oral toxicity test revealed that the plant extract did not elicit any observable acute toxic effects at a dose of 2000 mg/kg monitored for 14 days. Test doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg were chosen for use in the study. The methods used in the evaluation of the anti-estrogenic effect of A. indicum were combined measurements of serum hormone levels and weighing of selected reproductive organs affected by levels of the hormones under investigation. Evaluation of the serum levels of the hormones using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit after 6 weeks of administration showed a significant reduction (p˂0.05) of serum follicle stimulating hormone level from 4.51± 0.06 μI/ mL in the control to 4.21 ± 0.06 μI/mL at a dose of 400 mg/kg; serum estradiol level from 13.40 ± 0.07 pg/mL in the control to 12.23 ±0.09 pg/mL and 11.47 ±0.43 pg/mL at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively; and serum progesterone level from 13.40 ±0.12 ng/ mL to 12.10± 0,01 ng/mL and 10.72±0.21 ng/mL at doses 0f 200 mg/ kg and 400 mg/kg respectively. Weight evaluation of the investigated reproductive organs also showed a significant reduction (p˂0.05) in the weight of the uterus from 399.7±2.87 mg in the control to 378.6 ±3.42 for the 100 mg/kg dose group, 373.0±2.32 mg for the 200 mg/kg dose group, and 360.7±2.41 for the 400 mg/kg dose group; and also in the ovarian weight from 28.6±0.17 mg in the control to 27.5±0.19 mg for the 100 mg/kg, 27.0±0.20 mg from the 200 mg/kg dose group and 27.1for the 400 mg/kg dose group. Thus, from this study, Abutilon indicum extract possesses significant and potent anti-estrogenic activity as it presented significant and positive results in both of the test methods used in the evaluation.

Ethnobotany of ferns and fern allies was conducted in an indigenous community at Mt. Macabol, Barangay Salaysay, Marilog District, Davao City, Philippines for five inclusive month. The objective of the study was to document the tribal uses of the different species of pteridophytes in the area. The gathering of data was done through interview with the chosen members of the community and through the collection of herbarium specimens. Seventy-one species of ferns and fern allies were collected. Thirty-seven species (52%) have uses in the tribe. These useful species serve either as food, medicine, ornament, ceremonial materials, or in other forms of uses for the community. The data obtained showed that despite human encroachment, Mt. Macabol remained a home to a good number of ferns and fern allies useful to the residents.

The prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) contracted through males having sex with males (MSM) activities continue to rise, alarming a lot of organizations to take a step to put an end to the plague. This narrative-phenomenological study explored the knowledge, views and opinions of young males on HIV/AIDS acquired through MSM activities; their attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs) due to MSM activities; as well as delved into their risky sexual behaviors. Using the thematic approach, the data collected by in-depth interview (IDI) and focus group discussion (FGD) were analyzed and interpreted to elicit vital themes and conclusion. The data revealed 14 main themes anchored on the role of knowledge and attitude about MSM-contracted HIV/AIDS in young males’ tendency to engage in risky
MSM behavior and their perception of PLWHAs. Overall, despite some misconceptions, the young males possessed adequate knowledge on the issue and perceived indifference and lack of knowledge as factors for engaging in MSM activities. Poignantly, despite this awareness, the MSM respondents consider MSM activity a necessity. The results of this study will help organizations working on HIV/AIDS prevention and control to devise programs and interventions specifically designed for young MSM.

Medical Technology/ Medical Laboratory Science (MT/MLS) graduates seeking employment abroad first need to pass certain foreign government standard tests. The study investigated the preparedness to American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) certification examination of local MT/MLS graduates based on their academic performance and internship performance rating. Specifically, the study aimed to evaluate the MT/MLS graduates‟ level of preparedness to ASCP examination and their academic and internship performances, and whether the latter two could be used to predict the former. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the 177 MT/MLS graduates of batch 2014 from Region XI. The data were gathered using validated researcher-made questionnaire, and analyzed using Pearson R and Multiple Regression analysis. The results showed that there is a significant direct, high correlation between the MT/MLS graduates‟ academic performance and their preparedness to ASCP examination (r = .810, p < .05), implying that an increase in academic performance of the graduates corresponds to an increase in their level of preparedness to ASCP examination. Likewise, there is a significant direct, moderate correlation between the MT/MLS graduates‟ internship performance rating and their preparedness to ASCP examination (r = 663, p < .05), implying that the higher the internship performance rating of the MT/MLS graduates, the higher is their level of preparedness to ASCP examination. Further, between the two predictors, academic proficiency is the significant factor (β = .860; p < .05) that influences the level of preparedness of the graduates to ASCP examination, whilst the internship performance rating showed no significant influence (β = -.060; p > .05) to the level of preparedness of the graduates to ASCP examination. This study will provide information as basis for improvement of the MT/MLS Clinical Internship Curriculum in the Philippines.