This paper aims to assess the economic value of creative tourism in Nakhon Si Thammarat province of Thailand based on the factors of income, income leak-out, direct revenue, indirect revenue, induced revenue, tourism multiplier, and employment-opportunities for local labor in creative tourism entrepreneurships. Data was collected througha questionnaire survey of 100 enterprises operatingin tourism industry. These includeaccommodations, restaurants, entertainments, transportation companies, tour operators and souvenir shops. In addition, the key informants from creative tourism businesses were interviewed to assess the fact of economic phenomena concerning creative tourism activities in the province. Interestingly, the results illustrated that despite the gained highestrevenue of souvenir shops sector, these had a high leakage of income. Accommodations earned income lower than souvenir shops, they could make more tourism multiplier in the province. It was found that reasons of economic leakage of restaurants were the usage of outsider labors andmaterials. While, tourism multiplier was boost up in accommodations sector as domestic labors spent their earning the most in their own area. The concerns of sustaining creative tourism businesses were strengthened by local participation, local use, and the local government support in practical.

The study aims to determine characteristics of Indonesian sugar industries, as well as the influence of the implementation of computerized accounting information system (CAIS) to the quality of accounting information and managerial performance of the sugar industries of Indonesia. The research method was a survey with the research type was a descriptive and verificative. The research population were sugar industries in Indonesia. Data consists of primary and secondary data. Data were analyzed making use of linear regression. This study shows that the sugar mills/industries of Indonesia are mostly located in Java. Most of the sugar industries either in Java or outside Java are owned the central government in the form of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and the rest is privately owned. Most of them making use of a business area with a mixed pattern between the right to cultivate (RTC) and the right to build (RGB). Most of sugar industries gained canes in two ways namely planted by the company and bought from farmers. The application of CAIS of sugar industries is still categorized sufficient, which indicates the condition is not very bad or not very good. The quality of accounting information of sugar industries is good category and its managerial performance is also good. The three variables above have not shown the ideal category namely is very good category. The application of CAIS significantly affects on the quality of accounting information and the accounting information quality significantly influences on managerial performance of sugar industries. The study concludes that in order to win the competition in the international sugar market, the national sugar industry revitalization program that includes short, medium and long term, should intensify improvement program of CAIS. By improving the quality of CAIS will result improved quality of accounting information and further improve the managerial performance of Indonesian national sugar industries.

The study was pursued to determine the Entrepreneurial engagement of St. Paul University Manila Entrepreneurship graduates Batches 2008 to 20012. The study’s focal concern is to find out the number of entrepreneurial ventures of the graduates right after graduating from the University. It also determines the challenges encountered by the graduates from launching an entrepreneurial ventures and recommendations to improve the curriculum.
To determine the entrepreneurial engagement, a complete enumeration sampling method was used. A researcher constructed questionnaire was developed. The results revealed that majority of the entrepreneurship graduates were employed in different industry, and did not attempt to engage in entrepreneurial activity right after graduation. It was found out that those who were presently engage in entrepreneurial ventures established their business through self venture and that being a graduate of the University entrepreneurship program was a factor in the decision to put up their own business. It revealed that lack of capital, good business location, lack of experience and family’s decision employed were the challenges encountered by the graduates that prevents them from launching their own entrepreneurial ventures. The findings showed that business implementation, business opportunities, accounting and marketing management subjects are courses in the curriculum that helped the graduates to become an entrepreneur. The findings also revealed that exposure to actual business operation and activities, increase attendance to trainings and seminars and setting-up a system for a simulated business operation as an alternative to thesis were recommended by the graduates in order to improve the B.S. Entrepreneurship curriculum.

Global industry trends in a new dimension place much importance on building collaboration networks among industrial groups. Not only does this encourage the development of the efficiency of joint production, but also stimulate competition to upgrade the enterprises’ competitive potentials within the networks and at the international level. According to some previous research on cluster operations,the success factor resulted from building the relationship of members within the clusters harmoniously and continuously, based on the existing resources in order to mutually produce overall productivity of the cluster. However, it was found that there were not many research studies on the factors influencing the success of clusters in the area of the mediating role of the relationship marketing success toward cluster productivity in Thailand. Thus, the objectives of this research are to study and present the conceptual framework of the influential factors, namely, relational factor, resource factor, information technology factor, relationship benefits factor and entrepreneurs’ characteristics factor. Hopefully, the research findings will add more valuable knowledge on the relationship marketing and be useful to cluster development in Thailand.

The current study aims to examine the effect of ethical culture to corporate reputation. This research focused on ethical culture, corporate capabilities and corporate reputation of banks in Thailand. The main investigation were to examine 1) the effect of ethical culture to corporate capabilities, 2) the effect of corporate capability to corporate reputation and 3) the effect of ethical culture through corporate capabilities to corporate reputation. The samples were 385 managers of banks in Thailand by systematic random sampling. The questionnaires were distributed and explained to the respondents by author for better understanding to respond. The structural equation model was used to analyze data. The findings reveal that ethical culture has direct effect to capabilities and reputation of an organization. The corporate capability has direct effect to corporate reputation. Moreover, ethical culture affects to corporate reputation both directly and indirectly through corporate capabilities. As a result, it is necessary for sustainable business to build an ethical culture and capabilities integrated through whole part of an organization.

Initially, Associate of Southeast Asian Nation: ASEAN sponsor free flow of 11 logistics services provider to boost up the production in ASEAN region. This paper investigates in “If free flow of 11 logistics services provider not positive impact to Overall Equipment Efficiency: OEE of beverage manufacturing firm in Thailand, how do beverage manufacturing firms adjust themselves”. Then, this study had been taking an inductive approach method; also, registered mail with open-end question had been delivered to 293 manufacturing firms in Thailand while the completed questionnaires were 78 firms, and an expert in logistics and industrial sectors had been explored the opinion by semi-structured question with in-dept interview. Next, the results show that expert and almost of beverage manufacturing firms trust that free flow of 11 logistics services provider not negative to OEE in Beverage Manufacturing firm, but they differ in solution if beverage manufacturing firms may be not gain positive impact from free flow of 11 logistics services provider; expert suggest to learning in holistic information of logistics provider before taking a logistics services while large beverage manufacturing firms select to close or open some business; small beverage manufacturing firms select to improve their machine capacity and development information with supplier; medium enterprise have a variety in adjustment themselves.

The challenge for independent surveyor services industry in Indonesia in the future is a very high. This service protected by the government through Negative List Investment and will be opened for foreign investment soon. Developing of customer satisfaction will ensure a long-term competitive advantage. This study aimed to develop a model of customer satisfaction in the professional services of coal independent surveyors in Indonesia using Relationship Marketing perspective. Testing the hypothesis made on the relationship between 7 variables to customer satisfaction. Data compiled from 200 questionnaires completed by corporate decision-makers from 51 exporters and coal trading company in Indonesia and analyzed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results of the study show that the customer satisfaction of coal independent surveyor influenced by perceived quality, perceived value and customer expectation.. Research on the perceived quality suggests that perceived quality influenced by reliability, assurance, responsiveness and empathy.

Theemployment paradox is one of perplexing problems that governments in many countries do not know how to deal with. This study delved into this conundrum through an internet interview of voluntary participants who are micro, small, and medium business owners and workers from different companies. Quotes from the interview were analyzed and filtered to deduce factors which influence the employment paradox. In the resulting accumulation of data, there are three groups of attributes which are, employee attributes, business attributes, and national attributes. Employee attributes are composed of job satisfaction, life satisfaction, capability, personal image, trend influence, business etiquette, industriousness, and level of education. The business attributes consist of business ethics, fringe benefits, workplace climate, payment, management skill, leadership, and the entry barrier. National or country attributes carry the number of foreign workers and the quality of the education system. All attributes are assembled into a conceptual framework to explain the employment paradox.

This paper is focused on a Higher Education Research and Development Society of Australasia (HERDSA) commissioned report that was aimed at identifying prominent ‘Australian’ higher education (HE) research themes across three leading and variegated Australian journals between 2007-2012. At the request of the funding body, the journals included: (1) Higher Education Research and Development; (2) Studies in Continuing Education; and (3) Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice. From a review of the relevant literature, 225 ‘Australia-based + first-authored’ journal articles revealed 16 prominent themes and extraction of keywords from each of those articles, numbered 594 unrepeated terms. To better enable the frequency count of each theme, keywords acted as focal indicators. Collectively, the most prevalent themes— in ranking order—were: (1) Student Experience – Perceptions; (2) Teaching and Learning; and (3) Research into Higher Education. Conversely, research gaps were found to include: (14) Critical Thinking; (15) Disadvantage; and (16) Transition and Retention. In this article, explication of the literature review process, the 16 themes uncovered, and examples of related keywords are communicated.

Among SUC’s that is committed to share in the national and global arena in the attainment of development goals is the Isabela State University. The Isabela State University (ISU) is committed and tasked to carry out its four-fold functions: Instruction, Research, Extension and Production. In addition, ISU is tasked to provide effective advance education and training of the needed resources in the arts, agriculture, natural sciences, as well as technological and professional fields. In the pursuit of the university’s vision, mission, goals and objectives, this study attempted to assess, analyze, and evaluate the extent of implementation of policies in the different services of the Isabela State University like student services, administrative services, fiscal services, research services, extension and training and production services. A total of five hundred fourteen (514) respondents, comprising of administrators, faculty and non-teaching staff in the nine campus of the university with a sample size of 24 administrators, 164 faculty, 101 non-teaching staff and 225 supreme student council officers at the different campuses were taken. The extent of implementation of policies in the different services of the university like student services, administrative services, fiscal services, research services, extension and training and production services are perceived to be all implemented and also on the efficiency of the implementation of fiscal management policies, the three groups of respondents perceived that all policies are efficiently implemented which indicates that the level of implementation of all the four-fold functions realized the attainment of the vision, mission, goals and objectives of the university serving as the university for people and nature.

The use of the target language has long been considered an important principle of second language (L2) instruction. Previous research has attempted to quantify the amount of the first language (L1) used in the classroom and has explored the purposes or functions of teachers’ ‘lapses’ into their students’ L1. The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore the teachers’ attitudes towards the use of Bahasa Indonesia in Arabic language classroom. Data was collected based on the interviews of the teachers. The respondents of this study were two experienced teachers who have more than 15 years of teaching experience. The findings indicated that teachers prefer using Arabic language itself in Arabic language classroom. The Direct Method was applied as teaching strategies. The use of students’s first language is prohibited in or outside the classroom. As a result, students are able to speak Arabic without any sense of shame and fear. Because of the prohibition of using L1 in the school campus, the institution is able to educate its students to master Arabic language.

Self-regulated learning and motivation is important aspects of students’ learning and academic performance in a classroom context. This study aims at 1) investigating the differences in self-regulated learning and motivation between the Islamic studies and non-Islamic studies stream students; 2) examining relationships between self-regulated learning, motivation and academic performance. Eight hundred and twenty five universities students were involved in this study. A self-report measure of students metacognitive self-regulation, help seeking, organization, effort regulation, self-efficacy, intrinsic and extrinsic goal orientation, task value and test anxiety was administered, and academic performance data were obtained from students’ cumulative grade point average (CGPA). The study uses a questionnaire as the information-gathering instrument. The questionnaire was based on the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). T-test results indicated that students from Islamic studies background prefer using more strategies to score extrinsic goal orientation than non-Islamic studies students, and conversely, non-Islamic studies students practice metacognitive self-regulation strategies and organization strategies more than Islamic studies students did. Correlation analysis revealed that self-efficacy, intrinsic and extrinsic goal orientation, task value and test anxiety were positively related to metacognitive self-regulation, help seeking and organization. Regression analyses showed that test anxiety and intrinsic goal orientation appeared as the best predictors of academic performance.

A folktale must not be a dead and dormant narrative. Being a text that possesses power in the education of children, and in shaping them to approved behavior, a folktale must develop with time. As values in society alter and shift, folktales must be adjusted and amended. This is especially true and urgent in folktales that carry values or principles that are not believed anymore or that do not carry constructive values. Such tales have to be rewritten and reconstructed in order to be able to transmit constructive values to child readers, for a better generation.This paper presents a study on the influence of a reconstructed version of a long-established Indonesian folktale to Children’s Perceived Self-Efficacy in Indonesia. Children’s perceived self-efficacy represents children’s beliefs in their abilities to achieve certain attainments. In this study, 93 students of grades 4 – 5 Elementary School in Indonesia are surveyed on their perceived self-efficacy prior to and after being read to a reconstructed version of the tale. Using a 4-point-response format, their perceived self-efficacy are compared and contrasted to those who read the traditional version of the tale. The result of the study shows how a reconstructed folktale can influence child readers in positive ways on their perceived self-efficacy that influence the construction of a better generation.

Sex problems are rapidly increasing worldwide including in Thailand. The rate of Thai unplanned teenage pregnancies has been ranked in the first in Asia. Moreover, sex problems now are expanding to primary students. Sex education is expected to help prevent sex problems that should be conducted early in the primary level. This study aims to investigate the stakeholders’ perspectives on sex education integrated curriculum for 6th grade students. Teachers, students and parents are regarded as important stakeholders for sex education. This study was a qualitative research. The participants were nine in-service physical education teachers (seven males, two females), 10 of 6th grade students (one male, nine females), and nine parents (two males, seven females) from Samutsakhon province, Thailand. They were asked to participate in focus group discussions. The qualitative data were analyzed by using a constant comparative method. The results revealed that all groups of participant regarded sex education as being very important for 6th grade students. The participating teachers and parents stated that sex problems tended to expand to primary students because of the easy access to internet media (e.g. YouTube) and sexual stuffs (e.g. sex movies). Teachers and parents need to communicate each other more frequently for updating about students’ sexual related information and problems. All participating groups were interested in sex education integrated curriculum. The parents and students suggested integrating sex education into all subjects in schools. The students preferred to learn sex education through short movies, drama, and role play; while the parents preferred teachers to use sexual related stories and news, models, and Dhamma. The students reflected that their teachers normally taught sex education by textbook-based learning; while the teachers indicated that they normally taught sex education by using a variety of teaching methods and media as short movies, animation, video, and role play. The teachers also reflected that sex education was far from student’s understanding. Finally, the main findings emerged from this study were discussed and utilized for the development of sex education integrated curriculum for sixth grade students in the next phase of the study.

Handloom industry in India is heritage based reflecting the richness and diversity of Indian Culture. It is atypical in terms of its traditionalism, distinctive style and technology. Patola from Patan in Gujarat is a handloom saree made by a unique and time consuming process of resist dyeing technique (similar to tie and dye) on warp and weft silk yarns and then weaving it which creates a surface design that is reversible. This expensive woven wonders is an investment of life-time which has emerged strongly in the last three decades in the other regions of Gujarat namely Rajkot and Surendranagar mainly to provide a cheaper option to the celebrated Patan Patola. The main aim of the study was to document the craft details of this newly emerged low-cost variation of the traditional technique of Patola weaving which needs to be preserved as it is a symbol of our heritage and culture. Somasar, a village in Surendranagar district of Gujarat, India was selected as the locale of the study. Case study clubbed with Focus Group Discussion and observation method was selected to gather detailed information related to Patola craft. An interview schedule was formulated following the guidelines given in the book ‘Designers meet artisans – a practical guide’ published by the Craft Revival Trust, Artisanfas deColumbia S. A. and UNESCO. The data collected in form of field notes and pictures were presented in a meaningful manner under various titles such as Family background, Material procurement, Patola process, Design details, Market and Marketing of Patola, Peculiar craft practices, Problems and projection of craft. The analysis of data brought to light peculiar and sustained craft practices. Modified pit loom for weaving Patola and use of harvested rain water for dyeing formed an essential part of the Patola craft. This practice of energy conservation has not just contributed to the product competence but also added more value to the craft and helped the craftsmen take pride in their learnt craft. It may be a baby step towards green technology but surely a big contribution to the Green Initiative action around the world.

Infection with HCV is a major cause of transfusion associated hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study was conducted with an objective to estimate the prevalence rate of anti –HCV antibody among voluntary blood donors attending the transfusion department at Omdurman hospitals. A cross –sectional study was conducted from 2nd of January to 27th of March 2007. The rapid test method was used and confirmed with the ELISA (third generation).The population included 1672 Sudanese person. The age of the donors (all males) was between 18 – 45 years with a mean of 36 years. Anti-HCV antibody was detected in 1.016% of the study population. The prevalence of anti –HCV among voluntary blood donors was 1.02 % . Routine screening for HCV should be conducted for all blood donors before they are accepted for donation.

The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the influence of tooth size discrepancies among malocclusion groups in the general population; to know if there are any effects of tooth size discrepancies from region to another, and to study Bolton’s ratio of tooth size discrepancy in relation to malocclusion treatments. A quantitative study was carried out using many studies published in the English language from various population groups from different countries. Well defined guidelines for conducting analyses of observational studies were followed by electronic database (Entre Pub Med, www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov ). Additionally, a search in the Science Direct database ( www.sciencedirect.com ) will be performed, and data will be collected on the following items for the retrieved studies: year of publication, study design, materials (study sample, control sample,) methods of measurement, authors’ conclusions, and reference lists of relevant articles would be screened.

This study was aimed to determine the benefits and long term effects of using coconets and biologs to arrest erosion on disturb areas due to construction of road network leading to Aurora Province, Philippines. It is also aimed to determine the vegetation that grows on the different mesh size as to their common name, family name, and scientific names, and to identify which is the most diverse vegetation on the study area.
Three years after the termination of the research study entitled Field Testing of Bio-Engineering Techniques Using Geo-Textile and Bio-logs to Mitigate Soil Slope Erosion in Maria Aurora National Highway, Philippines, 3plots measuring 2m x2m were established on the top, middle and bottom portion of the 3 study sites.
Each plot were observed of the presence of vegetation, species present were counted and identified to their common name, family name, and scientific name, observations were carefully recorded and tabulated and was subjected to comparison among the 3 study sites.Principal component analysis (CPA) a two dimensional principal analysis was applied to determine the similarity of the different plots. Result of the study showed that Site 1 contained 11 plant species, Site 2 contained 15 plant species, and Site 3 contained 8 plant species, it further revealed that 8 plant species are common in 3 study sites.Top 5 vegetation species are effective for reducing erosion namely Vetiver grass (Viteverizizaniodes’ Monto), Pakupak (Pteridophyta),,Ipil-ipil (Leucana leucocephala), Perennial peanuts (Arachis glabrata), and Hagonoi (Chomolaem odorata). It is also found out that most of the plants in the study area are Vetiver grass (Viteverizizaniodes’ Monto), and Hagonoi (Chomolaem odorata).

This paper presents the design, development and contents of a tagalog speech corpus. The corpus contains 88.56 minutes of records from news articles that were in Tagalog downloaded from the internet and read by a native speaker. The recorded material is segmented into sentence length records that are divided into training sets. Speech recordings are accompanied by word level transcription and word-to-phone lexicon. The corpus is designed for the development of a text-to-speech (TTS) system, and may also be used for linguistic research.

The analgesic efficacy and safety of propacetamol, an injectable prodrug of acetaminophen, was assessed versus placebo after tonsillectomy operation in children. using double-blind randomized parallel group design, 70 children aged 6-12 years were included to evaluate the effect of a single iv infusion of 40 mg/kg propacetamol versus a single infusion of 100 ml normal saline ( placebo ) given at the recovery room. Analgesic efficacy was assessed on pain scores rated on a four-points verbal scale, a five-points visual scale ( faces ) and a four-points pain relief verbal scale; before administration ( To ) and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours after infusion. The global efficacy was rated on a five-points scale at the end of the study. Rescue medication was allowed freely and the time for re-medication as well as the occurrence of any side effect was recorded Propacetamol was statistically superior to placebo on all assessment criteria. The global final efficacy evaluation demonstrated 12 patients In the propacetamol group with good and very good scores compared to only one patient in the placebo group. Rescue medication was used in 40% of patients in the propacetamol group versus 83% in the placebo group. No serious side effects were recorded in both groups and pain at the infusion arm was noticed in 4 patients with Propacetamol and 2 patients in the placebo group.We concluded that, although propacetamol 40 mg/kg infusion may provide greater pain relief than placebo in children after tonsillectomy operation without any significant adverse effects, it is better to be used as a complementary drug to other analgesics in the treatment of moderate to severe postoperative pain.

The aim of the research was to observe catfish (Clariasgariepinus) growth at reduced feeding level in the biofloc culture system. Feed residues and metabolites from catfish farms contain toxic ammonia that can affect water quality and organism growth. However, the existing organisms involved in the biofloc system can change ammonia into a non-toxic nitrite. Biofloc can also be used as catfish feed.The research was carried out at the hatchery Fish Breeding CentersCiparay Bandung Regency from April 2014 until June 2014. The research employed the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) design of experiment, which involved six different feeding level reduction treatments, each of which having a different amount of feed but the same amount of biofloc. The research administered the following treatments: (A) 0% feeding level reduction (positive control), (B) 5% feeding level reduction, (C) 10% feeding level reduction, (D) 15% feeding level reduction, (E) 20 % feeding level reduction, (F) 25% feeding level reduction. Each treatment was repeated three times.The parameter observed was Average Daily Gain (gram/day). Treatments A through F yielded the following results respectively: 0.32; 0.30; 0.29; 0.26; 0,29 and 0.30. Statistically, the results indicated no significant difference. In other words, reduction of feeding level for catfish fry had no effect on Average Daily Gain, and a 25% reduction even yielded the highest result. The water quality parameters observed, namely temperature, pH level, and dissolved oxygen (DO), indicated optimum figures for catfish fry rearing.

Experiment was conducted to optimize gossypol production as well as root and hairy root growth based on the concentration of LS medium. Hairy root was induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain ATCC-15834. There were four treatment applied 1) Full-strength LS medium for normal roots culture (LNT), 2) Full-strength LS for hairy roots culture (LT), 3) Half-strength LS for normal roots culture (1/2NT), 4) Half-strength LS for hairy roots culture (1/2T). All treatment produced the highest root growth on days 20th, but the highest dry weight of roots was obtained at 1/2T treatment. The highest gossypol content in roots was obtained on days 16th for all treatments and all were growth associated, while the amount of gossypol that was secreted into culture medium were obtained on days 20th for all treatments. Highest gossypol content was also achieved in 1/2T, both in hairy roots and medium. According to these results, it could be concluded that 1/2T represented the best treatment combination for growth as well as gossypol production in root and medium.

In this paper, the problem of spectrum sensing using energy detection over cascaded Nakagami-m fading channels was addressed where all terminals are considered as vehicles. Closed-form expressions of detection probability were derived based on probability density function method. The validity of theoretical analyses was shown by comparing numerical results with Monte-Carlo simulations. The results indicate that the detection performance for cascaded Nakagami-m fading is even worse than the conventional Nakagami fading, which can be improved by diversity.

The objective of this study is to develop software program, certificate of origin requisition system (COR) for data generator to applying for certificate of origin to Department of Foreign Trade Thailand (DFT). The software program was developed according to Quality Function Deployment (QFD) principle as the main tool for complying with user requirements. The completed software program was verified and validated. Result of this research showed that software program, COR system was able to generate requisition data in the XML file conforming to DFT requirement in all 7 forms, and consumed time for generating the data till submitting to DFT within 3 minutes per form. The potential software program application showed time reduction of generating requisition data for 99.62% when compare to the original web application of DFT.

This paper focuses in evaluating the perceived usability of Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) utilized as a blended learning tool in teaching ICT courses in Isabela State University. Descriptive research method using survey was employed to gather responses from a total of 120 third year students enrolled in IT59 course during the first semester, SY 2013-2014. Overall, the VLE’s general interface design, VLE-site specific design, student-centered instructional design, and overall usability of the VLE were rated very satisfactory. This implies that the VLE conformed to the different usability issues presented and was satisfactorily accepted by the students. However, 95% of the students still preferred to use both VLE site and the classroom for learning. Taking online assessments were most liked. In contrast, deadline of submission were least liked. Other problems they found critical in using the VLE were insufficient time in answering activities, deadline of submission, and expensive computer/internet rental. The study concludes that the evaluation of the VLE conformed to the different usability issues presented. Also, students were positive regarding the usability of the VLE site and its support to learning. However, pedagogical issues such as incorporating learning activities that deal with active learning, problem solving, and authentic learning should be provided. It should also attempt to fully engage students in learning by incorporating activities that are interactive and collaborative; grades and other incentives should be promptly reported to continually motivate students; internet access should be addressed.