With the collapse of the Soviet Union in the late 20th century, the world’s political system underwent great changes. The international system ceased to be bipolar. However, time has shown that the unipolar architecture of the international system could not survive for long and had to be transformed. Sharpening geopolitical rivalries in and around Central Asia, combined with the spectacular economic and political rise of former developing countries, have brought forth new intergovernmental organizations. One of these organizations is the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), which was established in 2001 by the leaders of Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. Two of the founding states of the SCO are members of the UN Security Council, and wield strong influence on world affairs. The SCO was established in response to the presence of non-military cross-border threats in the region, including economic, immigration and environmental issues. After having spent the first decade of its existence adjusting its internal mechanisms, the past few years have seen a sharp increase in the SCO’s activities, propelling the organization from a regional player into a global actor. This report focalizes on the evolution of the SCO in the last decade

Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) is the corporate duty and responsibility towards society and the environment to improve the quality of life and the environment. For developing CSR program, it does not only involve the business community, local government and academia (triple helix model), but also community stakeholders (quinto helix) to build social entrepreneurship. Preliminary study and research have been done to build a quinto helix model in order to capture community involvement through Berau Sanitation Program (BSP) of PT X. The study used the Precede-Proceed Model in order to diagnose and increase the quality of life of the community. Further, Berau Sanitation Program is also to increase public access to household latrine as a form of CSR program. Family Selection program is proposed public latrines in eleven villages assisted and empowered by Community Development Program of PT X. This study uses a multidisciplinary approach of science cluster of health science, humanities, and technology.By using a quality of life approach, this study emphasizes that sustainable development requires balancing the economic, social and environmental community as the three dimensions of the sustainable development itself. It can be achieved by integrating wherever possible these three aspects through mutually supportive policies and good practice in local, national and even global.This study is expected to build a model of the quinto helix CSR program so that the independence of the community formed through social entrepreneurship, can ultimately improve the quality of life.

Walkability is a measure of the effectiveness of community design in promoting walking and bicycling as alternatives to driving cars to reach shopping, schools, and other common destinations.), the World Health Organization (WHO), and other health organizations advocate increasing the walkability of communities to promote fitness, combat obesity, and enhance sustainability. The aim of this study is to map spatial walkability area in Northeast Penang area using Geographical Information System (GIS). Spatial data has a potential to be used to construct measures of environmental attributes to model walkability area for this cities.10 spatial factors that influencing walking activities such as business area, education area, public utilities, government institutions, residential area, parking area, port or jetty, open space, places of worship and the industry area were identified. Buffer analysis is used to all the spatial factors to identify all areas that are within a certain distance from the original object that led to the walkability in the city. Then, the weight of importance of each factor determined using expert opinion in Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis. Through image calculator in Idrisi 32 software, all map layers that carried their own weightage overlaid to get final walkability map that showed the distribution of walkability area of Northeast Penang. Based on the final map and field data obtained, Accuracy Assessment was conducted to identify the quality of information showed in the map. The study was also able to assess the accuracy of the maps walking ability using field data obtained. The study showed high walkability are such as near industrial areas, transport facilities, beaches, business, education and services, residential and open space and recreation.

Activity of mass media watching in the development by society indicates that newspapers, radio, television, Internet resources have become as a manipulative technologies of political scientists and politicians instrument and independent economic structures determining self-sufficiency like a subjects of human’s activities. The mass media like a social institute affecting on mood of society is very interesting for criticism and analysis. In this connection the necessity of scientific and methodological approaches in a local level media researchers and their processes is growing up.

The main goal of this paper was to analyze characteristics of hydrogen as a possible alternative renewable resource, methods of its production, compression and transport, including experimental methodology of nanocapillaries. Both economic and ecological aspects were presented.Technology of hydrogen production and storage are established long time ago. Because of the high price of technology, its use is limited only to the special areas. Nowadays, new studies identify the best ways of hydrogen production and storage that can be economically highly competitive in the market. Extent of the photo-biological, photo-electrical and thermo-chemical use, as well as use of the new advanced technologies of hydrogen production, for now is neither acceptable nor has economic benefits. In the future, new technologies like hydrogen production from the biomass and ‘solar hydrogen’, obtained from the water electrolysis process by using electrical power from the renewable resources, should be developed.At the same time, classical methods of hydrogen storage have been improved, so most probably metal hydrides, respectively the newest technology of carbonate nanocapillaries and glassy microspheres, could be used.There is a major challenge in establishing hydrogen in the transport field, as a replacement for a fuel in the internal combustion engines, respectively as the fuel for driven fuel cells. The fuel cell technology is developed enough to be introduced in the commercial vehicles, but its wider use is limited by the price of hydrogen. It is predicted that in the transit period, until the prices of hydrogen production and storage become acceptable, would be used in the improved internal combustion engines with hybrid fuel (fuel with some share of hydrogen in the mixture), respectively methanol or natural gas in the cells.

MS disease is a chronic and developing of central nervous but its main cause has remained unknown. Therefore, viewing the unfamiliarity and lack of absolute cure for this disease, patience and hope in the patients can affect them mentally, as well as, its development decreases most of the time. In the current study, attempts are made to investigate the relationship between attachment to God and the hope and patience in MS patients.The ongoing study is of correlation kind. The statistical population in the present study included all the MS patients in Tehran city the sample involved 50 subjects, 25 women and 25 men who were selected randomly? To do this an attachment style questionnaire was used. The hope and patience of experienced subjects was measured via hope and patience questionnaire.The findings of the research are as fallows. There is no meaningful relationship between gender and none of the correlation attachment styles. But there is a meaningful relationship between gender and hope and patience aspects. There is a meaningful relationship between active and inactive patience with two aspects of anger and ignorance based on inevitable attachment.As well, there is a meaningful relationship between hope and despair regarding belief attachment.Totally, the results showed that there is a meaningful relationship between God attachment, hope and patience as well as between the two genders. Therefore, having relationship with God can promote individuals hope and effects patients, recovery.

This study aims to review the concept of Avant Garde in art from its inception to present state. The modernization of visual art and its impacts with Avant Garde art, also the emergence of new technology has shaped the new form of art. This study is an attempt to shed light on the emergence of new technology and new form of art in this era. The theoretical bases of sociology theories are used to build the new concept of technology, art and culture in present age. How this new form of technological art is going to transform the traditional concept of Avant Garde art is the main focus of this research. Future research directions are provided at the end.

Based on the MDG’s by 2010 Indonesia have to be able to lose half of the number of infectious diseases including tuberculosis patients. In fact tuberculosis epidemic information in a timely and sustainable non-existent, there is the use of information retrieval through the survey costly and not done on an ongoing basis. Lebak is district that has many poor people and high TB patients. Based on National data survey (Health Basic Survey) in 2010 Lebak as a district has high prevalence rate, which is 1,282 per 100,000 population. The percentage of TB patients who have treatment less than 6 months were 19.3 percent and does not take medication around 4.5 percent. The local Health Department reports still reluctant to get the patient to go to a hospital or health center. This study aims to develop and completeness search new cases of TB and completeness the treatment through Integrated Information Models between the empowerment of women in the family, health centers and Lebak District Health Office.Methods of model development in this study using a variety of methods, namely: 1. Methods of assessment of knowledge and behavior of women, surrounding communities for the detection and treatment of TB cases quantitatively and qualitatively, 2. Methods SDLC (System Development Life Circle) for the development of information systems through SMS gateway. 3. Experimental study design using community participation.This study on the contribution of aspects of Health Informatics emerging in Indonesia, with developing technology database integration, sustainable SOP and knowledge suitable for district /county. Other uses are specifically integrated information model that can be replicated to the district/county and it is possible to put forward as the current copyright in Indonesia there is no model of sustainable development as the goal of this study proposal.

The aim of this study is to establish a model of integrated referral information system for maternal and neonatal emergency cases. This system was developed by the need to over come poor performance of referral system at health facilities. This was happened because there is no adequate integrated information system to support mechanism of referral system as a health facilities network. System Development Life Cycle was conducted as basis on system development. Current referral information system at Basic Emergency Obstetric at primary health center and Neonatal Care (BEONC) and Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care (CEONC) at secondary health center was captured. After the gap and need analysis was the design and prototype model was created and tested at the field.The prototype of referral information system provide some function to do real time communication between primary and secondary health services which provide basic obstetric and neonates services. The communication channel considers the nearest location and availability of basic services. From the simulation it showed that the system would effectively support the referral mechanism and prevent the delay on giving the service. An adequate referral system will contribute to reduction of maternal and neonatal mortality; this can be improved toward integrated information system. Strengthening referral information system should do both side, at the primary and secondary health services. For the implementation it will need some regulation as the legal aspect, especially for the data sharing mechanism.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of stress and determinant of stress among Civil Servants of the Ministry of Health of Republic of Indonesia in 2013. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 230 respondents that was selected randomly. The measurement of stress was using a questionnaire with 17 items modified from Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). It indicates stress if score reaches 28 or more. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine determinant of stress. The results showed that very high level prevalence of stress among Civil Servants of the Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia in 2013 was 79%. The multiple logistic regression showed that the risk of stress was higher among obese respondents with adjusted OR is 1.9 (95%CI=1.1-2.9), age group less than 40 years old with adjusted OR 2.1, tribe Sudanese with adjusted OR is 3.1 (95%CI=1.1-8.5), position staff with adjusted OR is 2.0 (95%CI=1.0-4.4), middle educational level (high school or diploma) with adjusted OR is 2.5 (95%CI=1.2-5.3), women who are lacking physical activity with adjusted OR is 8.2 (95%CI=1.7-18.5). Recommendations for Ministry of Health are performing activities such as public awareness about healthy lifestyles and the prevention of stress, as well as occasionally doing a gathering or outbound scene that can decrease stress, conducting regular exercise every Friday morning and using sports facilities (fitness center) to reduce obesity and stress.

The purpose of this study is to link a one-dimension water quality model output with the spatial location and natural phenomena for easier analysis, management, and better-informed decision making. QUAL2K model has been chosen to assess the water quality for the study area, i.e. Klang River. Klang river has been chosen since it is one of the basins undergoing considerable development and urbanization. Two dominant water quality parameters were accessed and simulated, namely the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). The results indicated that DO upstream of the Klang river’s main stem varies between classes I and II, while BOD varies between class II and III. The class of DO decreased from mid-stream towars downstream where it recorded class IV. The BOD was recorded as class IV at mid-stream and improved downstream to class III. By linking the model output to the GIS platform, the classes of the river quality in terms of DO and BOD can be spatially map and clearly shown along the river basin. These mapping could help to an easier analysis, faster evaluation and better viewing of the river water quality throughout the river basin. This model can be adopted as a useful tool in designing a decision support system, which would benefit the local authorities and managers in planning and monitoring the development within the basin.

The removal of ammonium (NH4+) from a wastewater treatment plant effluent by adsorbing onto the coconut shell granular activated carbon (CSGAC) was performed in a hybrid plug flow column reactor (HPFCR) treatment process. The experiments were conducted using three different bed depths of 4, 9 and 15 cm. Three empirical models of Thomas, bed depth service time (BDST) and mass transfer factor (MTF) were used to study the behaviors of breakthrough curve and to determine the resistance of mass transfer. All the breakthrough curves for the adsorption of ammoniumonto CSGAC could be well described by Thomas models. The use of BDST models can examine lines of good fit with the experimental data since the percentages of outflow are still below than 30%. The MTF models verified that the resistance of mass transfer could be dependent on porous diffusion until the percentage of outflow reaches 90%, even though film mass transfer can play a minor role in controlling the movement of ammonium from the bulk water to film zone. The effect of bed depth on the global and film mass transfers and porous diffusion was verified to contribute to set up future wastewater treatment facilities.

Salinity stress is one of the most important environmental factors that limits the productivity of crop plants. This is due to effect of salinity on physiology, growth and development of plants. In this study, the effect of different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM) of Sodium chloride (NaCl) on growth, antioxidant and antityrosinase activity of in vitro culture of Trifoliumpretence L. (Red Clover) was investigated. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was used to analyze the data. Seeds of red clover were germinated in Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) containing different concentration of NaCl. The length of roots and shoots as well as percentage of germination, free radical scavenging activity (DPPH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and tyrosinase inhibitory were measured. A significant decrease in germination and growth was observed in the seeds exposed to 100, 150 and 200 mM salt. The highest percentage of germination was found in MS medium containing 50 mMNaCl, although the highest root and shoot length were found in MS medium without NaCl. The highest antioxidant and antityrosinase activity of ethanolic extract occurred in in vitro plants cultured in MS medium supplemented with 50 mMNaCl. A significant decrease in free radicals scavenging, superoxide dismutase and tyrosinase inhibitory were found in plants grown in media containing 100, 150 and 200 mM salt.

The current investigation encompasses some morphological, anatomical and hormone assessment of Canavaliarosea (Sw) DC (leguminosea), which has the potential for soil stability especially on slopes. Anatomical studies of leaf and root were done to determine the presence of specific cells such as cuticle, oil gland, structure of vascular system, shape and arrangement of the cells and other related structures. The roots were fibrous and have nodular due to the association with soil bacteria.In vivo leaf showed vascular bundle formed closed U-shaped and have uniseriate epidermis on both sides of adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces, two palisade cells layers and span cells with various sizes and shapes were seen. The optimum fresh weight callus formation was 1.36±0.07 g when leaf explants were cultured on MS media supplemented with 2.0mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA. Longitudinal sections of the callus showed the existence ofmeristematic cells, with leaf and shoot primordial

Cockscomb (Celosia cristataL.) is used frequently as an ornamental plant indoors for landscaping and vegetables as well. The bright red anthocyanin pigmentation was stimulated in a protocol employed callus cultures of this species. The highest amount of reddish callus was obtained when stem explants were cultured on MS media supplemented with 0.5–1.0 mg/l 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.5-1.0 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) after 3 weeks. The antioxidant activity test of Celosia cristata using DPPH scavenging activityand Superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay indicated that this species has weak anti oxidative property compared to typical antioxidant (ascorbic acid). The cytotoxic effect was determined against the cancer cells lineHCT116 using the MTT cell proliferation assay. Percentage of inhibition was observed about 18% at 20 μg/ml of ethanolic extractsolution. Despite results of antioxidant and antitumor activities were not very notable, but Celosia cristata had a high potential for anthocyanin production.

Mangroveforestin Mandul Islandhave been damagedin recent years. This study aimstoanalyzethe currentconditionandhowmangrovemanagement.Researchconductedquantitativeandqualitativestudy ofthefloristic..The results show that there are 17 mangrove plant species found in MandulIsland, including 13 genus and 11 families. In accordance with the decree of IUCN, of the 17 species of mangrove plants in Mandul Island, 13 species of which are categorized as rare mangrove species with the status of vulnerable scarcity (VU) to critical scarcity (CR). Vegetation analysis on mangrove forest in Mandul Island for each growth in accordance with the Decree of State Minister of the Environment No. 201 of 2004 on Standard Criteria of Mangrove Degradation, mangrove forests in Mandul Island are included in the criteria of degradation and scarcity. There are indications of loggings or land uses aside from mangroves. The existing mangroves have many functions, one of which is for health sector i.e. they can be used as drugs or natural pesticides and insecticides. Therefore, research for development toward utilization of the mangrove is necessary to be developed aside from the existing conservation efforts of the mangroves. The threats to the existence of mangroves must be anticipated considering that the development in Mandul has increased significantly. Community-based integrated management of local and involvement of other stakeholders should be done.

Managing human resource to achieve specific goal in an organisation is a crucial task. One of various aspects in managing human resource is preparing optimum scheduling to perform certain tasks. The main objective of this paper is to illustrate the preparation and the work of optimum scheduling for university shuttle bus driver using a recently develop meta-heuristic technique known as Harmony Search. A mathematical formulation for the university shuttle bus driver scheduling problem based on the requirement and the preference of the university is illustrated. The optimum schedule is generated using Harmony Search, an optimisation approach inspired by the processes in music improvisation with less mathematical computation. It can be seen that the result produced using harmony search approach to automate the optimum university shuttle bus driver scheduling is quite promising because it yield better value of objective function compared with the one being done manually. Automation of the optimum university bus driver scheduling certainly can enhanced the operational management processes. This work can be regarded as a multidisciplinary work which several domains such as computer science, mathematics, operational research and management are involved.

Anonymity in GDSS (Group Decision Supported Systems) meetings is designed to provide users with the possibility of remaining unidentifiable to other users and is purposed to enhance participants’ interactivity, increase task-conflict and eventually produce agreed outcomes among meeting participants. Unfortunately, users of such systems do not always accept theconstraints of these technologies. Instead, they try to work around and exploit these systems to achieve personal objectives.This paper aims to explore andhighlight two, so far, unexposed practices in literature that occur in anonymity-enabled GDSS meetings: managers trying to exploit their hidden identities to legitimize their decisions by calling their departments for anonymous GDSS meetings while having in mind predetermined meeting outcomes; and managers solely choosing certain alternatives from a group’s generated ideas then directing the meeting towards agreeing on these self-chosen decisions. The behaviourofmanagers who try to generate pre-determined outcomes impacts negatively on the willingness of meeting participants to actively contribute to discussions and increases participants’ suspicions regarding the validity of this type of meeting. Based on SIDE’s (Social Identity model of Deindividuation Effects) strategic component assumption and on a field study interviewing people from real GDSS environment this study proposes a new model named ‘Task-Conflict and Anonymity-Enabled GDSS Meeting (TAGDSSM) for the purpose of understanding and interpreting users’ behaviour in a real anonymity-enabled GDSS meeting business environment. The TAGDSSM model manifests two major constructs impacting user’s behaviour in the decision making process: GDSS system’s anonymity and facilitator’s behaviour within GDSS meetings. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with experienced GDSS meeting facilitators, GDSS system technical support experts, GDSS application users and managers of GDSS application providers. All interviewees were from real GDSS meeting settings who had interacted with the system in a non-simulated and real organizational environment. Two world leading GDSS anonymity-enabled meeting applications were investigated in this research: ‘MeetingSphere’ and ‘FacilitatePro’. The paper illustrates certain findings and proposes a solution for the aforementioned pre-determined and controlled GDSS meeting outcomes phenomenon.

Customer is the main focus for service quality. Customer’ satisfaction measures the performance of quality service of an organization. Customers who are repeatedly satisfied with the services provided by an organization eventually perceive that the said organization has a quality service with a strong customer-oriented leader. This study is descriptive in nature and it presents the findings of a study on the perceptions of users on the performance and general satisfaction of library services. The survey method is adopted in the collection of study data. Questionnaires were distributed to a sample of 393 library users drawn from Malaysian Public Universities. Customers consider in general the services rendered by libraries to be highly satisfactory (mean=5.72). They are also satisfied with the quality of services (performance) (5.40). Specifically, they are satisfied with the environment provided for that a library as a conducive place to study (mean = 6.05) and they are relatively most satisfied with the way they are treated while in the respective library (mean=5.75) However, the results conclude that libraries need to improve wireless access, computer facilities and online resources for their users. They also need to ensure that their websites are more user-friendly in terms of ease of use. Further research on gap analysis and Generation Y needs are recommended to ensure quality library services are provided.

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between school design and student performance. The participants were 40 students from two Iranian public and private schools. To this end, design characteristics were grouped in terms of outdoor spaces, natural life, living and functional views developed by the University of Georgia’s School Design and Planning Laboratory (SDPL) model. Measures of these two public and private school designs, taken with a ten-point Likert scale, are compared to student performance defined by the average of their final achievement scores. In accordance with this study, student performance and school deign of public and private schools have been studied and analyzed. The quantitative data were subjected to a set of parametric statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics. The findings manifested that school design in private school had more influence on student achievement than public school. Besides, this study suggests that less attentive and less successful students are affected by learning environment and sustainable design not only can contribute to the development of the students but also can help designer create more innovative learning environments.

Femtocell has been announced as the network mechanism to improve voice and data services in mobile network for indoor and also for limited outdoor geographical coverage. Femtocell also provide supports by offering more capacity to fulfil the increasing demand from indoor mobile users. This study is focused on the challenges on the development of femtocells in LTE Network System and discusses the major factors to optimize the coverage planning for enterprise femtocell deployment. The path loss model used for predicting the signal coverage is the P.1238 model for femtocell user equipment and COST 231 model for macrocell user equipment. In the study 3 enterprise femtocell networks with different coverage area are deployed and the real time measurement is obtained by conducting walk test. The main contribution of this project is the understanding and practical experience gained in deploying femtocell networks. Moreover the area for reliable coverage can be provided by a Home NodeBs (HNBs) and may vary as the density of UE changes. As conclusion, both femtocell and macrocell should be able to use the radio resources more effectively and the femtocell can complement the indoor coverage for the macrocell.

Indeed, today’s search engines have made a giant leap towards helping users in finding relevant information within a large body of poorly organized information (i.e., the Web). However, existing search engine can perform well in retrieving relevant results only if the user submits a query that clearly reflects their information needs. But most users are unable to provide such queries. Motivated by this issue, this paper discusses an ongoing research project in developing a search engine using several elements of semantic technology. We propose to apply the domain ontology at the query processor module. Our approach proposed to reformulate the user’s natural language query by performing a SPARQL (Protocol and RDF Query Language) against the domain ontology. Then, the results from ontology were matched with the index file generated using conventional method. The ontology is assisting infinding answers and links to related documents and web sites. In this sense, user will retrieve more relevant information since the query has been refined with the knowledge in the domain ontology.

There are a numberless of uses emerging for hydrophobic microporous membranes in membrane gas absorption system for absorb CO2.The performance of these processes is often dependent on the ability of the membrane to remain unwetted by one of the phase flows. For example, in liquid-liquid extraction, the lowest membrane mass transfer resistance is obtained if the pores are filled with the fluid in which the solute is most soluble. This implies the use of a hydrophobic membrane for soluble in nonpolar or organic solvent which should wet the membrane’s pores, thus preventing the aqueous phase from entering. In this paper, an intensive review regarding the effect of parameters on structures and performances of polypropylene membrane via thermally induced phase separation will be discussed.

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) has been known as organic waste product from palm oil production which is featured by low pH of 3.5-4.5, high value of biological demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solids. It is mandatory for all palm oil mills to treat their wastewaters to an acceptable level before it is allowed to be discharged into the water courses. Biological treatment appears less cost than chemical and physical methods and have low environmental impact. The purpose of this study was to optimize the factors (temperature and agitation) which were influencing biological pH treatment of acidic POME. Acidic POME was collected from a nearby palm oil mill whereas soil mixed culture was obtained from soil near the plants root system. Soil mixed culture was acclimatized with POME as inoculum. Experimental design table was prepared based on Response Surface Method (RSM) and 13 experimental runs were conducted according to Center Composite Design (CCD) set up. The experimental results were optimized using Design Expert software (Version 6.0). The proposed model from the software showed proportional relationship between pH value and both studied factors. Temperature and agitation had individual significant influence on pH value. Based on the analysis, the suggested optimum conditions were at temperature of 32.50℃ and agitation speed of 125 rpm. The expected pH value at these conditions was at 8.03. Later, validation experiment was conducted at the suggested optimum conditions and the error between the actual and expected pH value was at 2.29%. Low errors from the validation experiments (<5%) proved that biological pH treatment for acidic POME could be represented by using the proposed model. This study showed that application of this biological process could be an effective solution for acidic POME treatment.

Submerged arc welding is the most applicable and productive procedure when thick sections have to be welded and high productivity is required. Usually, longitudinal butt welded pipelines are performed by applying one of submerged arc welding variants, such as twin, tandem or twin-tandem. In order to achieve qualitative welded structures and to preserve their structural integrity in service, it is compulsory to control the heat transfer whose influence on the mechanical and metallurgical changes is crucial. The paper presents a comparative finite element analysis of heat transfer induced – by tandem submerged arc welding process – in butt longitudinal welded pipelines. Using the deactivated filler element technique, two finite element models have been developed for 3D simulation of tandem submerged arc welding process, when common or separate welding pools are achieved, both inside and outside of the pipeline. A detailed comparative analysis related to the evolution of temperature fields, thermal history in weld(s) and heat affected-zone, cooling time between 800ºC and 500ºC, as well as temperature variation in cross section of the pipeline, subjected inside and outside to welding, is made at different moments of the joining process. Results and conclusions regarding the influence of tandem submerged arc welding technique on the overlapping effect of temperature fields and thermal behaviour of pipeline steel are discussed and, respectively, presented.

Explosion in information science and information system (IS) technology has brought dramatic changes in learning and library system environments. Through the passage from physical library to digital library era, the use of academic digital library systems does witness the spectacular impact on academic societies’ way of performing their study/research. Despite the wide spread of the use digital library in academia, research of the awareness of such system is still scarce. Much of research has documented in the awareness of human-computer-interaction, as well as on Internet usage but little was concentrated on digital library. This paper highlights an exploratory research on examining the demographic differences in the awareness of academic digital library among higher learning institutions in Malaysia. Using a structured questionnaire, a total of 944 students and academic staffs volunteered in the survey method opted. Findings indicated that more than three quarters of the participants aware and use their university digital library. Besides of this higher learningawareness, significant relationships were observed between digital library awareness and demographic profiles (gender, age, race and university). The findings provide practical implication of guiding library science researchers as well as librarians in tackling issues on awareness divide that might lead to different impact of the usage, attitudes and appreciation towards digital library.

The present article discloses the options for application of signals identification measurement tools to resolve the task of preliminary diagnostics for the human cardiovascular system condition based on electrocardiograms analysis. We offer the methods based on the positional coding of parameters’ complex and and cluster grouping of electrocardiographic signals in the structure of global standards and also on application of dependency between the cardiovascular system condition and the integral coupling factors.

This work is devoted to the peculiarities of the processes in the electromagnetic exciter of low-frequency oscillations (EME LFO), and to the modeling and simulation of physical subsystems.In terms of simplicity of its design and implementation schemes choosing EME LFO as the base unit of vibration alternator’s function module is quite reasonable and promising and provides opportunities to develop EME LFO operating in generator mode with the view of its practical use as a universal highly effective tool for converting mechanical energy of natural origin, such as moderate and weak wind flows and water flow in the rivers.Consideration of the processes in the electromagnetic exciter of low-frequency oscillations (EME LFO) and theoretical propositions forms the basis for the practical implementation of a whole class of original design solutions built on its base, with a new demanded quality of generator mode of its functioning.

Asymptotic solutions of the new analytical solutions of Maxwell’s equations for the for a point magnetic dipole,which is perpendicular to the magnetic crystal in the far field in a one-axis magnetic crystal were obtained.

This research aims to study the conditions that may produce single phase NiTi for desirable shape memory effect under solid state by suppressing the oxide levels using CaH2 as in-situ reducing agent. A systematic comparative investigation was made on phase formation and their transformation behavior. Phase formation analysis was carried out using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS) and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). The transformation behaviour was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. Thermomechanical analysis was conducted using thermomechanical analyzer (TMA). The study revealed that, single phase NiTi was successfully formed from Ni-TiH2 specimen sintered at 930 °C for 3 hours under CaH2 reducing environment with good enthalpy change of ΔHA-M = 26 J/g and ΔHM-A = 25.5 J/g upon cooling and heating, respectively. However, the recovery strain reaches 0.75% at maximum 8 N applied load which is still below than the reported bulk NiTi.

For highly reliable biometric authentication is necessary to solve the problem of neural network enrichment biometric data at a preliminary stage before the start of their quantization. To solve this problem is considered an iterative learning algorithm of a single neuron.

Many methods have been used to optimize the number of significant attributes from various disciplines including statistics, machine learning, pattern recognition and datamining. However, the results are still not optimum enough. Therefore, this research proposes a classification enhancement of the decision tree that incorporates a latest meta heuristic algorithm to optimize the number of significant attribute in the decision tree. Meta heuristic algorithm is a higher-level procedure or heuristic designed to find, generate, or select a lower-level procedure or heuristic (partial search algorithm) that may provide a sufficient good solution to an optimization problem, especially with incomplete or imperfect information or limited computation capacity. Examples of the previous meta heuristics algorithm includes evolutionary algorithm and swarm optimizations. The latest meta heuristic algorithm that is harmony search will be combined with the decision tree and it is hopeful that it will give more accurate results.

Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) is any surface that acts like spatial filter for electromagnetic wave and often used in indoors environment such as energy saving glass. Attenuation of GMS, GPS and personal communication signal leads to poor communication inside the building using regular shape of energy saving glass coating. Previous study has been applied to find out the optimum design of one unit cell coating structure of energy saving glass. The optimization method base on Harmony Search (HS) is used in this project to develop the complex shape of energy-saving glass by obtaining an improved return loss and transmission of signals. Computer Simulation Tools (CST) Microwave Studio Software will be used to design and simulate the unit cell of energy-saving glass. The complex shape of energy saving glass coating structure is obtained to reduce return loss and improved transmission coefficient.

This paper proposes a method for the development of a system of mathematical models for process systems for oil refining in conditions of uncertainty, resulting from fuzzy source data, using various types of data. Using the proposed method, according to the results of research into each unit and based on the data gathered and the selection criteria, a model has been developed each unit in question, and then, in order to model the process as a whole, the models which have been developed are combined to form an integrated system. The method which has been developed has been used successfully to construct system models for the basic blocks of reforming units, for catalytic reforming installations LG-35-11/300-95 at Atyrau Oil Refinery (AOR). A comparison has been carried out of the results of modelling based on the proposed method, with the results of known modelling methods, as well as with experimental data for the LG installation at the Atyrau Oil Refinery. The structure for a system of computer-based modelling and regime optimisation for processes in oil refining has been proposed, based on the mathematical modelling of those processes.

This paper presents the results of a study that attempts to empirically explore the influence of Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) of the platoon leader on platoon size and platoon speed characteristics on two-lane road. The aim of this study is to observe how the platoon leaders’ vehicle dynamics capability affects the platoon size and platoon speed variation. A Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) based traffic data collection system was installed in a two-way rural road section to capture a set of platoon-based traffic data for a month, 24-hours a day. From a total of 173,778 vehicles passing the road section, 17,820 platoon data were detected and utilized in an analysis process. Collected data was grouped as according to their platoon leader weight, and then analyzed by two-way ANOVA to evaluate its relationship to platoon speed and size. Empirical analysis results show that there is a significant relationship between GVW of platoon leader and both platoon speed and platoon size. The findings suggest that platoon speed decreases and speed variation increases alongside the increasing of GVW of platoon leader. However, it is proven that the average size of platoons led by heavy vehicles is smaller than platoons led by passenger cars. The formation of platoon involving heavy vehicles indeed has a large impact on driving behavior of either psychological or physical action. Thus, in order to reduce the risk of dangerous overtaking maneuver, there is a high necessity for traffic flow of different opposing directions to be separated and an extra lane shall be designed for particularly overtaking activities at accident prone areas.

Background: Dengue Fever Disease is still regarded as an endemic disease in Banjar City. Information is still required to map dengue fever case distribution, mean center of case distribution, and the direction of dengue fever case dispersion in order to support the surveillance program in the relation to the vast area of the dengue fever disease control program. The objective of the research is to obtain information regarding the area of dengue fever disease distribution in Banjar City by utilizing the Standard Deviational Ellipse (SDE) model.The research is an observational study with Explanatory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA). Data analysis uses SDE model with the scope of the entire sub district area in Banjar City. The data analyzed is dengue fever case from the period of 2007-2013, as many as 315 cases.Social demographic overview of dengue fever patients in Banjar City shows that most of the patients are within the productive age, with 39.7% within the school age and 45.7% are within the work age. Most of the dengue fever patients are men (58.1%). The spatial distribution of dengue fever cases from the period of 2007 until 2012 mostly occur 25-37.5 meters above sea level, as much as 55.8%. The SDE models of dengue fever cases in Banjar City generally form dispersion patterns following the x-axis and is clustered by physiographic boundaries.The SDE model can be used to discover dispersion patterns and directions of dengue fever cases, therefore dengue fever disease control program can be conducted based on local-specific information, in order to support health decision.

Patients undergoing cardiac surgery including Coronary Artery bypass grafting or Valve replacements are normally placed in the ICU for routine monitoring of vital signs related to simple and complex aspects of heart function. This is usually achieved by screening several indicators such as Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure, Mean Arterial Pressure and many more. In most clinical monitoring, there are always more than one quality characteristics of interest which are usually correlated and the condition of the patient is assessed by a subgroup of size 1 multivariate data at any given time. Therefore, multivariate quality control charts should be deployed to monitor the progress of the patient. In this paper the optimal Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Mean Squared deviation (MEWMS) control chart is deployed to simultaneously monitor the variability of up to three correlated characteristics that represent patient’s progress in the ICU unit using subgroup size one. The results clearly show that disregarding the correlation between the characteristics and monitoring the patient’s progress under the current practice that uses individual charts will lead to misdiagnosis.

Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is a major cause of acute illness in the worldwide. Bogor district is one of region in West Java with high ARI case. Hamlet 1 of Ciampea Village is both settlement location and limestone processing industry location. The existence of limestone processing industry around the settlement area is source of air pollution that can affect people’s health. This study aims to determine the relationship between environmental factors (ambient PM10, distance from house to limestone processing plant, temperature and humidity of house, house ventilation, residential density of house, whether or not the family members at home who got ARI, whether or not a family member at home who smoke, use of mosquito repellent, type of cooking fuel, location of kitchen) with the occurrence of ARI. This study uses cross-sectional study design with sample of 106 toddlers. Result shows that environmental factors which significantly associated with ARI among children under five years are ambient air PM10 (7.40; 2.02-27.10) and residential density of house (3.39; 1.39-8.32). The most dominant factor associated with the occurrence of ARI among children under five years is ambient air PM10 (12.52; 2.57-61.08). Cross-sectoral cooperation is needed to reduce the number of ARI.

Leptospirosis is an acute infectious disease that can infect humans and animals ( zoonoses ) caused by Leptospira bacteria . Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that is spread most widely , including in Indonesia . In most of the provinces in Indonesia did not escape the presence of leptospirosis in the district including Sampang Madura island in East Java province . Based on the data from the East Java Provincial Health Office of leptospirosis outbreaks have occurred on April 27 , 2013, the number of cases of 21 people . Number of patients with leptospirosis in Sampang district continues to increase with the case fatality rate ( CFR = 9.8 % ) . The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of patients with leptospirosis in Sampang district 2013.Penelitian quantitative cross-sectional design of the study was conducted on 55 samples of respondents were taken by total population . Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire . The analytical method used is the description of univariateanalysts . The results showed that patients with leptospirosis average age was 25.8 years , male sex ( 75.0 % ) . Spread over 5 health centers and 15 rural areas / villages in Sampang district is Banyuanyar ,Camplong , Kamoning , Robatal and Torjun . Based on Hospital Admission and Exit Hospital is in April and May 2013 , whereas in the previous month from February to March 2013 183-140 mm , 63.4-80.5 % moisture and temperature 29 – 30o C. It is the month of highest rainfall causing puddles . Besides the discovery of the bacteria leptospirosis in mice that are caught RattusRattusnovergicustanezumi and research in the region .

Elevated level of minerals has been detected in gold mining sites. To estimate health risk from exposure to these minerals, an environmental health risk assessment has been conducted in artisanal gold mining site of Gunung Pongkor, Bogor, Indonesia. Fifteen transition metals, heavy metals, metalloids, and anionic contaminants were analyzed from 200 drinking water and 19 local food samples. It was found that mean concen-tration of 10 contamin¬ants complied with the Indonesian drinking water standard, whereas cyanide, fluoride, chromium, nitrite, and arsenic exceeded the standard by 1.2 to 700 folds. Arsenic was detected in rice, vegetables, cassava, banana, and fish. Cadmium was only detected in fish and mercury in rice, while lead was detected in rice, vegetables, cassava, and banana. Non-carcinogenic risk quotients (RQ) of cyanide, arsenic, fluoride, chromium, mercury, and nitrite were 86.02, 41.33, 26.34, 3.37, and 1.85, respectively, indicating that the likelihood of adverse health effects from exposure to these contaminants is high. Exposures to manganese, iron, copper, zinc, aluminum, cadmium, selenium, and nitrate resulted in RQ<1, meaning that these minerals were of less health concern. Meanwhile, excess cancer risk (ECR) of arsenic in drinking water, vegetables, cassava, banana, and fish were 2.69E-4, 2.19E-3, 1.06E-4, 8.85E-5, and 6.6E-3, respectively, which all of them are unacceptable. Cyanide, arsenic, fluoride, chromium, mercury, and nitrite were the top six risky non-carcinogenic minerals, whereas fish was the main exposure medium responsible for high unacceptable ECR of arsenic. Health risks of other minerals could not be estimated since they have no quantitative toxicity values. High level of contaminant is not necessarily resulted in high health risk, because chronic intake depends also on parameters other than concentration such as contact time rate and consumption rate.

Mercury emitted to the atmosphere may pollute different environmental compartments in term of dry and wet fall out deposit. This study aimed to investigate the total mercury (THg) concentration in dry deposit, surface soil, rice grains and assess its potential risks. Sampling field survey conducted during one period of sample collection. Result shown that THg concentration in dry deposit were ranged from 1.76 to 4.00(µg m-3 day-1), surface soil were ranged from 85.94 to 193.33(µg kg-1dw) in 0-5cm depth and 120.64 to 226.59(µg kg-1dw) in 5-10 cm depth, and brown rice were in the range of 99.1 – 181.5 µg kg-1ww and white rive were in the range of 113.1 – 185.1 µg kg-1ww, respectively. The elevated THg in dry deposit were in St.4 and St.5 had average values with 3.46(µg m-3 day-1) while in surface soil (0-5 and 5-10cm) had averages of 161.64 and 177.89(µg kg-1dw), respectively. Hence, in conclusion, THg concentration in dry deposit and surface soil were due to results of ore amalgam processing that correspond to the elevated THg concentration in atmospheric dry deposition.

This study aims to find neighborhood relations associated with the incidence of malaria. The study was observational with cross sectional study. Samples were taken with exhaustic sampling technique. Total population of 515 people. With a total sample of 254 people. Analysis of the data used is the Chi Square test with logistic regression. The results showed that environmental factors in the home associated with the incidence of malaria is being screened at home ventilation (p = 0.049). There are no factors outside the home environment associated with the incidence of malaria. Cultural social environmental factors associated with malaria incidence is outside the customs house at night (p = 0,021). The variables that most influenced the incidence of malaria is the habit of going out at night (Wald = 5.036, p = 0.034). This study suggests that the need for community empowerment programs should be sought in particular increasing public awareness of the importance of managing malaria free environment, eliminating breeding place, improving housing conditions to improve prevention practices to reduce human contact with mosquitoes Anopheles.

Reaction time (RT) and anticipation skills are important neuro-cognitive indicators. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of using the costume design computer based neuro-cognitive test as a indicator of neuro-cognition ability and test-retest reliability of above clinical test. Fifteen healthy right-handed female students, volunteered for the present experiment. Measurement of test-retest reliability was taken by an independent physiotherapist (time interval 1 week). Yielding correlation coefficients demonstrated high correlation for the anticipatory of high speed and low speed of ball index, moderate correla-tion for auditory choice RT index, high correlation for auditory complex choice RT index, high correlation for visual complex RT index and moderate correlation for visual complex choice RT index. The computerized RT test proved to be a reliable instrument that use in as-sessment of brain signal processing and cognition behaviour.

The music art is not strange in Islam. It has been given serious attention by muslim scholars from time to time. Hence, many speculation among the muslim and non-muslim about the actual status of music in Islam. It happened because of the emergence of various patterns of music in the culture of society in the modern world today. Therefore, this discussion tries to explain the concept of moderation and enjoyment of music as guided by Islam in order to fulfill the needs of human nature. In this case, nasyeed song is believe to achieve these objectives. Therefore, to determine the effect on the listener nasyid, the samples taken from the listener nasyid songs aired by Radio IKIM.fm. Radio IKIM.fm is the first radio channel based on Islam in Malaysia. A total of 707 respondents were given questionnaires. The results showed that nasyeed songs aired in Radio IKIM.fm give many positive effects, especially in the self-development of the listener.

Ruqyah is a prayer therapy in sorcery treatment. This article aims to identify the various ruqyah methods practised by Islamic treatment centres among the Malay-Muslims in Malaysia in comparison with the method used by Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.) also known asProphetic Tradition. Field study was conducted in the data gathering process through observations and interviews to identify the various types of ruqyah being used in sorcery treatment. The comparative analysis was performed to compare the ruqyah method and the Prophetic tradition. The study reveals that there are a total of four types of ruqyah methods being practised by Islamic treatment centres in Malaysia such as prayers using verses or Qur’an, prayer as taught by Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.), any good prayer that are not from the source of Qur’an and hadith, and finally shaman and spell.

Memorization is still one of the methods used in the process of preservation of the Qur’an. This article aims to review and analyze the methods and approaches used by a Centre of Tahfiz Quran, at Lorong Alif, Jitra Kedah in the process to produce the students that can remember the whole Qur’an. This study used the methods of documentation, observation and interviews in order to obtain the data. Through the analysis, this study found that there are seven basic methods of memorizing the Quran; Sabak, Nam Sabak, Sabki, Separah, Mutlaah, Tertib Wifak and Dastar Bandi. By using these seven methods, the students could recite the whole Qur’an by memorization, without seeing the mushaf. As a researcher, I would like to suggest these methods of memorization, to be applied in all the centers, in order to produce the huffaz who can fully memorizing the Quran.

The study in hand has tried to use Geology in understanding the meaning of the expression »الأرض–the earth « in Quranic similes. The mentioned similes include: »….الأرض فرَاشاً «( Al-Baqarah — The Cow: 2:22 …..the earth a resting-place……), »….الأرض مهداً« (Ta Ha: 20:53………..the earth for you an expanse ……….) and (Az-Zukhruf — Gold 43:10), »….الأرض مهاداً« (Al-Naba’ — The Announcement: 78:6 …… the earth an expanse) and «…الأرض قراراً…» (The Naml: 27:61: the earth a resting-place). The related similarity in these similes includes the expressions «فراشاً،مهداً،مهاداًوقراراً». In order to attain the mentioned goal, first similar links were extracted from Quranic dictionaries and wordbooks. Then using reliable interpretations, various similes and verses related to the before-mentioned title were analyzed. Then with the aid of meanings in the interpretations and geological basics, the expression »الأرض –the earth « form the mentioned similes were deduced. The obtained results show that the expression »الأرض –the earth « in these similes has the meaning of continental crust because this crust has been spread gradually on the earth. This kind of creation is in line with the similarity of the expression فِراشاً « – resting-place. » On the other hand the provided continental crust, the mines inside it, the vegetation on it, the culminated creatures on it and the atmosphere over it have been made ready for human life in a period of over a hundred million years. These expressions correspond with the similes « resting-place and expanse- »-مهداًومهاداً. One of the characteristics which make human life possible on the earth is the peace and stability of the earth crust. The spread continental crust unlike the oceanic crust has more peace and stability. The ancient geologists found geological traces on the continental crust while the oceanic crust in not as old as the continental crust because on the one side oceanic crust is being destroyed and from the other side it is being reproduced. These transformations are the signs of instability in the oceanic crust. Continental crust stability is completely in agreement with the simile « resting-place- . »قراراً

Regarding to the principles of the Quran interpretation, geology can help to interpret its related Quran verses. In this paper the verses of the Quran with the Earth (الأرض) word were delineated. This study seeks to find answers of these questions: In which one of these verses earth sciences and geology concepts can be used?In the interpretation of these verses, which branch of the geology should be used?Among 112 verses contain “Earth” word, 44 verses don’t relate to geology. They shouldn’t be interpreted by geological concepts. The other verses relate to plate tectonic (20 verses), to historical geology (28 verses), to sedimentology and sedimentary rocks (6 verses), to volcanology (1 verses), to geomorphology (3 verses), to hydrology and hydrogeology (4 verses), and to economic geology and mine (4 verses). These verses point to the plates and their characteristics, to the creation and evolution of the earth and its creatures, to producing of the sediments and sedimentary rock cycle, to volcanic events, to the erosion and weathering, to the water flow and water cycle, and to the ore deposits, respectively.