There are overwhelming debates among researchers and policy makers on replicability of microcredit services for microenterprises in urban context. In the face of inadequate trickle-down effects on urban poverty, microcredit service for microenterprises income generation can be a sustainable poverty alleviation policy in urban context. However, there are insignificant researches that address this vital question. This study fills this gap. Quasi-experimental research approach coupled with stratified random sampling method was employed to obtain the aforementioned objective. The findings of this study indicate that microcredit contributes significantly to the development of urban microenterprises by increasing their income and alleviating poverty for those who were mostly left over from the main stream economic activities. The results suggest that urban microcredit program of AIM (Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia) need to covet on creating favorable environment for urban microenterprise development by offering more flexible, diversified, and need-based financial services while continued to extend its financial services outreach by targeting urban poor households of Malaysia. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by enhancing our understanding on microcredit‟s impact in urban context.

In the modern world, it is very important to emphasize on the public and organizational trust. Also, the increase of intellectual capital is of a great importance in the business area. Moreover, stability of the organizations is based on the employees’ skills and knowledge. The organizations’ capability is increased under the influence of the organizational learning. Therefore, the organizational learning is one of the main instruments affecting on the current business. This research is aimed to investigate the influence of intellectual capital on the organizational performance. The population includes the employees of Islamic Azad University, area One. Using regression test and person s’ coefficient correlation, the hypotheses were examined. According to the results, there is a positive relationship between the elements of intellectual capital and organizational learning. Also, organizational learning affects positively on the organizational performance.

Housing price in 20 years is to be increased by about 100 times and in the most recent 10 years increased by 10 times (Institute of Science and Technology Bank, 2013). A dramatic rise drives general housing price levels far exceeding the actual value and the income of the majority of people. Meanwhile, the lack of an efficient financial system has made housing affordability of people with low-incomes facing many difficulties. This article investigates the housing situation and housing financial system for low-income households in Vietnam, synthetics experiences in housing financial system for low-income people in the world, thus, draws policy suggestions to be applied to the real conditions in Vietnam.

Today’s scenario is full of, up-to-the-minute need of contemporary future, which is becoming technically an inevitable part of our life. The present research work explored about the significance of various online advertisements and its impact on the buying decision of customers of selected areas in United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras Al Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm Al Quwain). The data would be collected through primary method supported by a pilot study to get the validated information. As per the most formidable consumer durable sector is concerned, the passenger car segment is the most upcoming and influential segment to the luxurious branded passenger car lovers.
The study emphasize on the degree of exposure towards the online advertisements in day to day lives of individuals while purchasing any consumer durable product such as mobiles, laptops, automobiles etc. It also analyses the internet usage behavior in terms of accessibility and experience.

The article briefly outline the role of the State Program of Forced Industrial – Innovative Development of Kazakhstan in the light of the implementation of the Strategy “Kazakhstan – 2050” and focus on the formation of human resources for the transition regions of Kazakhstan to the innovation economy. The authors make an analysis and defines the essence of the concept of “innovation economy” and presents the main priorities of training qualified specialists, noted the necessary of preparation their own scientific and human potential. Also, it was done the comparative analysis of pre-basic scientific and technological capacity in developed countries with high incomes identified trends and presents a strategy for training, contributing to provide an innovative breakthrough in the development of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Inflation is a very important macroeconomic indicator, which measures the change in the general level of prices of goods and services. The monthly time series of the annual inflation rate is defined as the growth rate of the monthly time series of the consumer price index with respect to the corresponding month of the previous year. The annual inflation rate might not always be the appropriate measure of inflation, mainly due to the fact that it does not provide up-to-date information on the level of inflation. The harmonic analysis shows that the annual inflation rate deforms and delays the information with respect to the monthly inflation rate. This conclusion can be extremely important in the forecasting of the inflation rate, as well as in the process of economic decision making. The new method for the construction of the annual inflation rate forecasts is proposed. The advantage is that it is able to catch breaks and other instabilities in the future development of the time series.

The process of diversification has set in the agricultural sector, however gradually it may be. The pace and pattern of diversification within the agricultural sector, varies from region to region, as it is contingent on variety of factors such as the prices of different commodities, availability, technology and policy interventions etc. The study examined the impact of socio-economic variables on the knowledge and adoption of diversified agriculture technologies in UP, India.The study reveals that the intensity of diversified agriculture of milk production enterprise is inversely related with the farm size. The study identified eight Socio-Economic variables affecting the knowledgebase of diversified agriculture. Statistical analysis reveal that Education, occupation, irrigation potential, social participation communication behaviour have significant and positive impact upon the knowledge of diversified agriculture ;while there is no relationship between age, caste, size of land holding and knowledge of diversified agriculture. Data analysis further revealed that the multiple interactions of age, caste, irrigation potential and communication behaviour are more important factors for predicting knowledge of diversified agriculture technologies. The positive and highly significant difference of means between Self-help-Group (SHG) member and non-member in respect to their irrigation facilities, social participation and communication behavior was attributed due to various training exposure, organization of the rural youths under the banner of SHG for group action, exposure to personnel cosmopolites and mass media and such related facilities extended to the SHG member groups by the NGOs and the K.V.K. as a whole.

Social commerce (s-commerce) is the subset of electronic commerce which involves the use of Internet-based media which allows people to participate in marketing, selling, comparing, buying, and sharing of products and services. The present study aims to investigate consumer behavior towards s-commerce using five core variables: perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, attitude, intention to use and perceived social support. A total of 120 s-commerce users in Skudai, Malaysia were approached on the basis of convenience sampling. Respondents were asked about their consumer behavior through a questionnaire-based survey. The relationship between perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment on intention to use of s-commerce through mediating role of attitude and moderating role of perceived social support were examined in this study.
Findings indicate that perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, attitude, intention to use and perceived social support are found to correlate with each other. Furthermore, analysis confirms that attitude performs the role of mediator between perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment with intention to use. Furthermore, perceived usefulness performed the role of mediator on the relationship between perceived enjoyment and attitude but could not perform the role of moderator on the relation between (1) perceived usefulness and attitude, and (2) between attitude and intention to use. Findings and implications are examined and discussed in later portion of this study.

The article presents approach to detection of the distributed network attacks the “Denial of Service”. In article the technique is offered, is developed architecture and is constructed realization of system of detection of network attacks like “Denial of Service”. The technique is based on modeling of the studied network by networks of mass service with the subsequent assessment of probability of losses of demands in a network.

This study examines the impact of five major factors – over-reliance on heavy customization, poor IT infrastructure, ERP system misfit, poor consultant effectiveness, too tight project schedule- on performance of accountants in failure implementing ERP.The sample was 138 accountants who were using ERP in Iranian companies, which has been chosen by available sampling. Regression has been used in order to examine the correlation of independent variables- over-reliance on heavy customization, poor IT infrastructure, ERP system misfit, poor consultant effectiveness, too tight project schedule- and dependent variable, performance of accountants in ERP implementation.The results have been confirmed that there is a meaningful relationship between five keies factories- over-reliance on heavy customization, poor IT infrastructure, ERP system misfit, poor consultant effectiveness, too tight project schedule- with performance of accountants in failure implementing ERP. Regardless to necessity of using ERP and importance of accountants’ role in business environment, the results will be practical. It is also hoped that this study will serve as a guideline for researchers wishing to investigate failure factors or problems associated with ERP implementation.

Human activity in the areas of deforestation and mineral exploration is dramatically altering many biological processes and environmental systems which are destructive in a global scale. While some align with science and technology as the instrument capable of inspiring necessary changes in human behaviour, some others have given in to economic theories and political institutions in the quest for a solution. Notwithstanding the scientific, economic and political perspectives, this piece is anchored on the view that religion has the belief system that is large enough to conceptualize on a cosmic scale the global nature of environmental concerns. The religious perspective becomes more important in an African environment where the religious factor cannot be relegated to the background. While focussing on the Igbo ethnic group of Nigeria, this piece develops a spirit-based theology that is African in character for the preservation of the environment, concepts of Ala deity and sacred trees as instruments for the development of a spirit-based theology.

Urban environment and human life quality are important issues of 21th century. These issues lead more attention towards urban sustainability. Every citizen expects urban space to be a desirable environment with a good quality. On the other hand, enhancing experienced quality of urban spaces is one of the important goals in urban design. Walking is simplest type of transportation between origin & destination. It can also as an complicated activity that not only influence in body, but influence people’ mentality. Walking is the most preferable form of developing human interaction with urban environment. Pedestrian malls are the best context for urban life and provide longer presence of people in urban spaces. Constant presence leads to environmental sustainability in these spaces. It is necessary to use sustainability factors for cultural, social, economical and environmental urgency in urban design process. With pedestrianzing, we can not only enhance people’ presence in urban spaces, but can warrant their sustainability in the future. In this paper, we studied concepts and definitions related to sustainability and pedestrian malls and also urban spaces requirements. Then, we analyzed related studies to recognize Tarbiyat mall as an old and valuable urban space in Tabriz (a traditional city of Iran) using SWOT Technique. Tarbiyat mall is a historical place in down town of Tabriz and has cultural and most valuable building with commercial land use. The growing demand in the Tarbiyat mall for building space to be used for services, commerce and apartments, and the conversion of residential units to new purposes, is also related to the construction style of these buildings. In the next stage, we recognized pedestrian mall roles in sustainability of urban spaces. These roles are socio-cultural, economical, environmental perception and safety enhancement.

The desire for beauty according to nature has been internalized in human nature. Despite the emphasis of Islam
on beauty, beatifying and encouraging to do that, some limits and conditions has been intended for it. One of
new issues in the field of beauty is cosmetic and plastic surgery. Considering the religious origin of our society, this paper studies this surgery in jurisprudence, its legitimacy from the perspective of the texts, religious reasons, and religious texts documents and considers its social and psychological impacts. Thus, this article has investigated reasons of advocates of permissible and impermissible plastic surgery. Finally, it will be expressed that plastic surgery will be permissible if necessary.

Woman is the center of family. She is mother, wife, daughter and sister. In her every role, she is always a giver. She is the one , who imbibes the values in her kids, she is the honor of her father, strength of her husband, encourager for her brother and thus a strong building block of the society and the nation. Social and economic development of women is necessary for overall economic development of any society or a country. In India, women are symbol of “SHAKTI”. Since long the power of women was kept unwrapped and the outer world was taking HER as granted. Through many transitions women showed courage and confidently unfolded her talents. She came in front of the world in new roles. To support her in new ventures many NGOs, SHGs, and CBOs are playing prominent roles. Studies conducted have shown that women in any society have limited access to decision making, they have low level of individual assets and are often overloaded with work, most of the times their mobility is also restricted and are vulnerable to dominance in many spheres of life. This does not mean, they don‟t have skills and knowledge. Infact they are fast learners and very good in managing every affair concerned to the household or outer world. NGO recognizes the gender inequalities in various runs of life which are otherwise hard to identify. Moreover cultural practices pertaining in various regions in our country also effect the status of women in the society.The Present study emphasis on the participation of NGOs, SHGs and CBOs for a holistic development and empowerment of women and the society as a whole .God essentially created men and women to complement each other, which means, both the genders are equal .The paper highlights the activities undertaken by of the NGOs, SHGs and CBOs in Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra to make women identify their strengths in various sectors and focuses on the trends in the area of trainings, education ,health and economic participation.It also focuses on the best practices adopted by the government and various decent practices and work carried on by NGOs of these states as a part of their social responsibility for the up liftment of women.

Today, in period of rise of the interest towards the national history the issues of keeping of ethnic history and traditional culture are becoming especially acute. These questions became the center of the present research paper. The author is focused on some problems of the Kazakh diaspora and irredenta formation in Uzbekistan republic along with the fundamental reasons of the placement and settlement in the region. The author also analyzed the tribal composition of Kazakh diaspora and its connections to ancient tribes who inhabited these lands long before. Historical sources provide valuable information to define the centers of their settlements in ancient time.The analysis of archival and statistical data gave an opportunity to identify part of Kazakh population living in the bordering regions of Uzbekistan since medieval period. In addition, the author shows stages of Kazakh migration from their historical places to Uzbekistan. In this paper were also researched ethnic and tribal composition and demographic situation concerning the Kazakhs living in Uzbekistan. On the basis of statistical data and census was shown the dynamics of growth and decline among Kazakh population.
In result, using archival data, scientific works and field materials were established tribal composition and settlement patterns of Kazakh people in Uzbekistan. Kazakhs belong to tribes Kanly, Shanyshkyly, Jalair, Oshakty, Darkhan (Senior Zhuz), comparatively small part of Middle Zhuz representatives (Argyn, Naiman, Kipchak, Konyrat,etc.) are living in the northern-eastern part of Uzbekistan. Part of the kinsmen from Senior Zhuz are populating regions of Bokhara and Navoi. The paper also concentrates problems of traditional culture of the Kazakh diaspora and their social status. Along with these issues a particular attention was given to the archival documents covering questions of the settlements and adaptation to the changing circumstances and alien environment. The article also indicates the moment‟s characterized traditional culture of Kazakhs living in the northern –eastern region of Uzbekistan. Meanwhile, the paper focuses on those changes of traditions and culture which reflect how they were affected by political, social, economic and cultural processes in Central Asian region. All recent changes are connected with the historical and ethno cultural development of “near abroad” Kazakhs. Methods of the research are the following: field work, interviews and research trips.

Integrable Heisenberg ferromagnetic equations are an important subclass of integrable systems. The M-XCIX equation is one of a generalizations of the Heisenberg ferromagnetic equation and are integrable. In this paper, the Darboux transformation of the M-XCIX equation is constructed. Using the DT, a 1-soliton solution of the M-XCIX equation is presented.

In order to investigate the impact of land use change from forest lands into dry farming (canola) and paddy lands on some chemical properties of soil in Zarin Abad area of Sari, Iran, a study was conducted as factorial design in complete randomized block pattern. From each land use samples were collected in four replications from 2 depths of 0-20 and 20-50 centimeter. Results showed that land use change from forest to paddy lands, increased soil reaction from 6.43 to 7.52 but change to dry farming (canola) had no significant effect on soil reaction. Land use change from forest to dry farming caused decrease in the amount of organic carbon about 46.5 % which was about 38 % in paddy lands. Amount of nitrogen was decreased in land use change from forest into dry farming but this decrease was not significant in change from forest to paddy lands. While land use change caused an increase about 4 times in the amount of available phosphorus in dry farming and increased about 2 times in lands that converted to paddy lands, it had no effect on the amount of available potassium and cation exchanging capacity. The lowest amount of electrical conductivity was observed in dry farming. Correlation coefficients between parameters showed positive and significant correlations between organic carbon with available potassium and electrical conductivity. There were positive correlations of electrical conductivity with amount of potassium and soil reaction. Amount of available phosphorus showed a positive relationship with cation exchanging capacity too.

Environmental pollutants; agricultural and industrial waste, emissions or pollution, the aquatic or terrestrial environment pouring, also defined as chemicals from treated and untreated sewage. These toxic substances, by interfering with the endocrine system of humans and animals physiology, endocrinology and general impact on the health aspects are different. The two most important groups of these substances, heavy metals and pesticides creates. Need the protection of human health and nutrition in terms of both the economic benefits of pesticides, due to its resistance to degradation of natural water, soil and air pollution causes and ecological systems are destabilized. While the majority of pesticides effective for target organisms, human and non-target harm to other living things are. Especially resistant to natural degradation and soluble in fatty tissue organochlorine pesticides, harmful to all living things accumulate in my biyoekosiste can reach levels. Nature, intentionally or unintentionally discarded chemicals, industrial waste resulting from the mixture of chemical pollution is pollution. The chemicals currently regarded as an impurity of heavy metal contamination, can arise from various sources, be resistant to environmental conditions and can easily enter the food chain due to their in vivo accumulate with increasing concentrations of other chemical pollutants are in the first place. Studies indicate that water contaminated by environmental pollutants. Investigation of pesticides and heavy metals in water level will give us information on environmental pollution rights. At the same time the pesticide and heavy metal levels in aquatic organisms to investigate the potential risk factors are also important in terms of revealing.

The nanoparticles are used for an efficient removal of pollutants and germs in the area of water purification. Among them, the use of silver nanoparticles have obtained massive attraction. Different types of physical and chemical methods are employed for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. But, synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extract has been advantageous over other methods as they are cost effective, environmental friendly and easily scaled up for large scale synthesis. This study was mainly focused on synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaf extract. In this method, physiologically stable, bio-compatible silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reacting an aqueous solution of 10-3 M silver nitrate (AgNO3) and 2.5 g/100 mL crude neem leaf extract at nine different ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9) at room temperature without varying the other conditions. Initially, biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were observed by colour change and then characterized by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were then separated by centrifuging the silver nanoparticle solution at 5000 rpm for 20 minutes and separated nanoparticles were kept in oven for 16 hrs to collect silver nanoparticles. Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles made from 1:8 ratio was evaluated against selected highly abundant bacteria in wastewater such as E.coli, Staphyloococuus aureus, Salmonella typhimorium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using spread plate method. Both the color change from pale yellow to yellowish brown color and the absorption peak observed in ultraviolet-visible spectrum in the range of 325 nm to 477 nm confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles in the solution. However strong peak was observed in 1:8 with the maximum absorbance value of 3.733. These silver nanoparticles showed effectiveness in suppressing E.coli and Staphyloococuus aureus. In conclusion, silver nanoparticles can possibly be used as effective growth inhibitors in microorganisms thereby applicable to water purifications and wastewater treatments.

The genotoxicity of the contact fungicide Dithane M 45 and systemic fungicide Tilt 250 EC were compared in meristematic root cells of Narcissus pseudonarcissus cv. ‗Samanta‘. Irrespective of the concentration or sampling time, an increased mitodepressive and genotoxic potential was observed for Tilt 250 EC. The genotoxicity of both fungicide formulations was measured by analysis of the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in meristematic root cells. The increased chromosomal aberration frequency along with mitotic inhibition after treatment of meristematic root cells with Tilt 250 EC was supported by the mode of action of this systemic fungicide. Various types of chromosomal and mitotic abnormalities such as C-metaphase, binucleated cells, laggard, disturbed anaphase showed in treated meristem cells reveal the clastogenic potential of both pesticides tested.

In the article advantages of multidimensional cubes use by developing the information systems are described. Application of OLAP-technology in system of monitoring realization of university strategy will allow to conduct successfully monitoring of the operational plan’s indicators, to make the detailed analysis of data, to watch dynamics that promotes successful realization of development strategy of L. N. Gumilyov ENU.
It is impossible to make any administrative decision without having information necessary for this purpose, usually quantitative. For this purpose creation of data storages, that is process of collecting, elimination and preliminary data processing for the purpose of providing resultant information to users is necessary for the statistical analysis.
Systems of support of decision-making usually possess means of providing modular data to the user for various selections of an initial set in a look, convenient for perception and the analysis. As a rule, such modular functions form a multidimensional data set which axes contain parameters, and cells — the modular data depending on them. Along each axis data can be organized in the form of the hierarchy representing various levels of their specification.
The technology of the complex multidimensional analysis of data received the name OLAP (On-Line Analytical Processing). The OLAP — is a key component of the organization of storages of data. Thanks to such model of data users can state difficult requests, generate reports, receive subsets of data.

Petroleum hydrocarbons are complex mixture of different organic compounds. Due to their high hydrophobicity and low solubility in aqueous media, bioremediation of petroleum as a slow process suffers mass transfer limitations. Remediation methods enclosed physicochemical, zoo, phyto and micro remediation. Phyto and micro remediation are efficient, convenient and more economical and environmental friendly. Biodegradation by microbes is system-specific. A proper microbial consortium is necessary for degradation of a compound in that system. Microorganisms adapt to degrade „new synthetic compounds‟ either by utilizing catabolic enzymes they already possess or by acquiring new metabolic pathways (Sinha et al. 2009).Earthworms can indicate and remediate pollutants in soils. Various species like Eisenia fetida, E. tetraedra, Lumbricus terrestris, L. rubellus and Allobophora chloratica have been found to remove pollutants from the soil. They uptake the dissolved chemicals through their moist skin and biotransform contaminants in their gut by the action of symbiont microorganisms or secreted enzymes. Biological activity (casting, burrowing (oxidizing and distribution of bacteria and feeding)) may contribute either directly or indirectly (through interactions with bacteria, roots and nutrients) to degrade hydrocarbons. Studies have shown certain interactions between plants and earthworms. Genetic engineering can enhance the remediation by symbiotic engineering in the root nodules of plants. Biological availability of soil pollutants controls the effect of toxic substances on organisms and ecosystems. Through time the weathered crude oil becomes more recalcitrant. It was found that the addition of earthworms increased respiration rates in oil-contaminated soil. Adding organic materials, surfactants, Coffee and microbes capable of degrading the compounds are some solutions for accelerating the degradation process. Enhancement of probable synergistic interactions between symbionts and environmental microorganisms by enrichment of diets and synthetic biology procedures and introducing new genes and metabolic pathways in these systems, could be the future target in environmental biotechnology.

In this study features of professional identity for future teachers are considered. Structural characteristics of professional identity for future teachers are analyzed. It is shown that social identity for students is formed as both self-concept and ourselves-concept. The general and specific features in characteristics of professional identity for future teachers are revealed. Existence of professional orientation at future teachers on senior years is shown. In professional identity of future teachers is dominated by an image of himself / herself as a competent teacher; many students manifested primarily a personal identity, and then a social identity. It is shown that professional identity for future teachers is formed both as self-concept and ourselves-concept. This situation can be considered as favorable prerequisite for development and self-development of pedagogical competence for future teachers. It was established that professional identity for future teachers as the psychological mechanism for development of pedagogical competence has the individualized motivational determination.

Scientific interest of psychologists to problems of human behavior in difficult life situations increases recently, however the researches analyzing development of constructive coping-strategy among undergraduates are presented insufficiently. The purpose of this study is to identify of personal features of coping-strategy among undergraduates. Coping strategies were studied among 442 undergraduates of different specialties. During the pilot study the general and distinctive features in coping-strategies among undergraduates were found. The preferred and less important coping-strategies among undergraduates are revealed. It is shown that personality factors determine the choice of the dominant coping-strategies of behavior among undergraduates. The received results allowed to define the individualized methods of psychological work with undergraduates.

The problem of social intelligence has attracted attention in recent years from researchers. Social intelligence is one of the most important characteristic for teachers. The aim of this research was to study of features in structure of social intelligence of future teachers. The respondents in this study were selected 360 students of pedagogical specialties from Kyzylorda State University. Results of theoretical and experimental studies have revealed general and specific features of social intelligence in future teachers. Results of research indicated that normative-role values accepted in society are significant for respondents; the students are guided by these values in situations of interpersonal interactions. Dynamic of parameters of social intelligence of respondents was performed. Gender features of social intelligence of future teachers were established. Differences related with professional specialization were not found.

Environmental safety, as well as food security, is the most important component of agricultural policy of modern Kazakhstan because they directly affect the quality of life and health of the population. Nowadays, issues of new technologies (they include cleaning technology based on detergents probiotics) become determinative for ensuring strategic objectives for the development of advanced economies in the world. In the available literature we found no data on the use of probiotics in progress in Kazakhstan’s livestock buildings. In relation to the above, we set some objectives to try probiotics in progress in the vivarium of KazATU named after S.Seifullin. The studies were conducted at the clinic of the Department of Veterinary and technology of animal husbandry at Agrotechnical University named after S.Seifullin. Sampling was carried out by taking wipe sampling from keeping places of mice and rabbits by sterile cotton swabs. At the end of the experiments changes in appearance between the experimental and control laboratory mice are visible. After using probiotic agents, there is an increase of laboratory mice in the experimental group on the third week. Behavioral responses of laboratory mice were stable, their coat was white and had healthy luster throughout the experiment.
Opportunistic pathogenic microflora is decreased by 35%.

This paper studies the factors influencing technological innovation in Kazakhstan’s logistics industry. Based on the results of reviews of related literatures and interviews to some experts, a questionnaire is developed to survey the technological innovation for logistics industry in Kazakhstan. System-wide measures are aimed at improving the overall investment attractiveness of manufacturing industries. The Paper of system-wide measures are grouped into nine major destinations.