Over the past decades, the struggle for social equity may give rise to, depending on the circumstances, popular resistance taking the form of urban conflicts. In that context, a research trend is emerging in the disciplines and fields of study interested in the organization of territories and the decision-making processes shaping these territories. Its main focus is the systematic collection, formal structuring and analysis of data on conflict situations pertaining to planning and land management issues. What the works of this new body of research have in common is that they prescribe to the creation of a database by applying certain concepts developed by the humanities and social sciences, seeing therein a complementary method for opening new research opportunities and for mitigating, at least in part, the previously mentioned limitations. This paper deals with the different stages of building a database from information drawn from press releases relating to urban conflicts that took place in Montreal’s Census Metropolitan Area (CMA, Quebec, Canada) over a period of twenty years (1985 to 2005). It focuses on the challenges related to the acquisition, structuring, processing and analysis of data on urban conflicts. It also addresses the potential of the scientific contribution offered by this approach to conducting an analysis of conflict activity and conflictual decision-making processes. The implications of this type of research are threefold: conceptual, methodological and theoretical. From a conceptual point of view, the exercise required clarifying and defining a set of key concepts, among them conflict activity and decision-making. From a methodological point of view, we propose a method that allows to capture the multi dimensionality of a conflict and the conflict activity. And from a theoretical point of view, we seek to identify the systematic effects of collective action in a conflict situation on the evolution of the urban form.

The growth of social media worldwide has given rise to the development of a modern technique for interaction, as well as for communication between several users. Everybody worldwide is now in a position to share their opinions and experiences either bad or good with everyone else using the online social network. People on social media exchange information regarding their buying opinions and experiences regarding various products or services. Businesses today need to keep up with the technological trends. Marketers can use social media to influence buying behaviour. Students at university are an untapped market segment that needs to be explored by marketers. Since students are very techno savvy, a way for marketers to influence their buying behaviour is through social media. The study was conducted on students of the Thekwini Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) College in Durban, South Africa. The population was 6500 students from the six campuses, namely the Asherville Campus, the Cato Manor Campus, the Centec Campus, the Melbourne campus and the Springfield Campus. Simple random sampling was employed in the study. The sample surveyed was 350 students from the five campuses. A questionnaire was used to gather data from respondents at the five campuses. The findings of the research revealed that the majority of the respondents were satisfied with purchasing via the social media. The respondents indicated that much information about products and services are offered on social media sites than elsewhere, thus making their decision to purchase easier. Respondents also indicated that they found it convenient to make their purchases online.

The impact of globalization toward national identity is unavoidable. It will take place in all areas of Indonesian community in where local-global interaction occurred. The impacts of globalization effect come to Indonesian community in the areas of international migration, international tourism and international industrial cities. This research is conducted to find out the national identity formation those communities. The research used Participatory Action Research method to build substantive theory of national identity formation within local-global interaction. Three level of identity will be focused are local identity, national identity and global identity. The research location cover 6 areas: (a) Jakarta and Makassar (Sulawesi) represented area of international industrial cities; (b) Bawean (East Java) and Lombok (West Nusa Tenggara) represented area of international migration; (c) Denpasar (Bali) and Surakarta (Center Java) represented area of international tourism. The data were collected by employing observation, interview and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Purposive sampling technique is used to determine the informants in this research. The results showed that the local community has global interaction performing mixed identity. This identity is resulted from the relation of its subjective meaning of self, demarcation (social space significance), collective legitimation and the community crisis. National identity, then become dynamic concept in which the interplay of local, national and global take place. Globalization is encouraging for national identity to be legitimized in the global community. Nevertheless, national identity will be skeptical when social or cultural crisis is occurred in the community. This research finding imply Jenkins theory will not put identity as socially constructed but it is dynamically resulted from social and individual process. In which the mixed identity within individual construction will become social identity representation when legitimated socially. These findings also will provide solution for government and community to maintain national identity as fixing globalization by social engineering on identity.

The 2013 learning curriculum in Indonesia has shown an affective aspect and behavioural changes on thematic integrative. In practice, the 2013 curriculum was temporarily halted due to several factors, namely: the issue on books in sufficiency, assessment system, teachers upgrade, and an unfair distribution of assistant instructors and trainers. The purposes of this study are to: (1) assess the constraints faced by teachers in the learning curriculum 2013; (2) assess the learning media used in the curriculum in 2013 at several elementary schools; (3) and create a concept on learning media development for the 2013 academic curriculum to be effective and favoured by 1st grade pupils. The study was conducted at several elementary schools in Surakarta which have applied the 2013 learning curriculum. The used paradigm is a descriptive qualitative one. For data collection, several samples were purposively selected from 10 elementary schools. Those data were collected based on: (1) interview, (2) questioner, (3) direct observation, and (4) analysis of the documents content. The data were analyzed following the stages of reduction, classification, presentation, and verification. To conclude, the obstacle encountered by instructors during 2013 learning curriculum was the lack of thematic integrative-based learning media for elementary school pupils. Ideally, the learning media curriculum should be attractively, and efficiently adorned and in conformity with advanced technology development. Thus, it is necessary to adopt the concept of an android-based interactive application development on thematic learning curriculum for primary school pupils. This research prioritizes its focus on PPKn (The Indonesian Values) theme which is easily understood and liked by the pupils, for it possesses the core courses that foster the spirit of nationalism for Indonesia.

Lack of teaching learning materials and parental involvement are often cited as key challenges to the provision of sustainable quality education in resource-poor contexts. These have been among a host of factors against sustainable schooling in Sub-Saharan and East Africa in particular. This paper reports a research and development initiative aimed at leveraging these and other attendant challenges. The research initiative utilized a sequential mixed method design to establish the baseline factors and status of literacy development in a rural district. The intervention responded to headlines often screaming that inadequate school and teaching resources challenge education in Sub-Saharan Africa. This was exploited as an opportunity for stakeholder participation in Multi literacies Pedagogy Design for sustainable materials development. The study used a questionnaire survey involving all 101 primary schools in a rural district followed by rapid ethnography involving 20 of the schools and detailed vertical case studies involving another five purposively selected schools. Results revealed how socio-cultural specific factors including why appropriate learning materials were lacking and daunting challenges against parental involvement militated against children’s effective learning. Consequently twenty five teachers and 10 parents were invited to participate in a capacity building workshop leading to the development of socio-culturally relevant learning materials. Together ten story books were developed in Kiswahili and English with three of the titles further developed in braille. About 45,000 copies have now been distributed to more than 150 schools as well as libraries and other intervention programmes in the region. This study has t rail blazed a new theoretical framework applicable to the Sub-Saharan African context potentially responding to the context -specific challenges such as large classes, parental involvement and education budgetary constraints by national governments. This will again repudiate dominant relation s of power between the home and school domains by recognizing t he crucial role of communities’ funds of knowledge in t he curriculum.

Many stroke survivors have limb contracture which is shortened muscles in an arm or leg from reduced ability to move the affected limb or lack of exercise. Restoration and functional restitution of hand contracture has slowed so much as to be barely noticeable, after 6 months after stroke. Our purpose is to explore the effects of two week green tea leaf treatment on contracture hand of long term bedridden elderly patients. The hypotheses were that green tea leaf treatment improves odor and skin condition level after intervention and over two week period. We carried out a randomized controlled trial. 27 hands from 22 patients were randomly assigned to either green tea leaf treatment (n1=14) or standard rolled towel treatment, and measured by odor and skin level. We verified deodorized effect of green tea leaf treatment by the non parametric rank statistical test. And we also showed effective properties of green tea bag treatment against ulcer in palm and fingers.

The formation of structural defects in grown from the vapour phase ZnS crystals after electron irradiation with energy of 400 keV and intensity of (1 – -II electron microscope operated at energy of 400 keV. It is shown that under electron irradiation the small dislocation loops in size of 2.5 – 45 nm and a density of 1.4∙1011 cm-2, as well as voids and fine particles of a new phase in size ≤10 nm are formed. These features can be identified from an analysis of moiré fringe contrast as phase of ZnO2. Study of structural defects formation in ZnS can be used to solve problems of management type, density and spatial distribution of defects in the crystal structure, that it is important for the improvement of semiconductor technology.

The current trends in IT especially nowadays, affects the lives and culture of every Filipino people and this includes language and innovations of electronic dictionaries. Considering that the proponents is a Filipino, the proponents sensed the significant impact of IT in the lives of every Filipino and all other individuals, most especially in the current trends today. In the province of Zambales, country of the Philippines, the people speak the dialect known as Sambali, this was predominantly used in the province of Zambales. This dialects is also use in some areas such as the municipality of Infanta in Pangasinan, Panitian, Quezon, Palawan and Barangay Mandaragat or Buncag in Puerto Prinsesa. The other prominent dialects used are also known as Sambal Botolan, Tagalog, and locano. This study aimed to develop an application that can run on mobile phones which can manage and store a words in Tagalog, given the definition and meaning and translated to other locale dialects which are also used of some municipalities in Zambales such as Sambal in Botolan, Sambal Tina and Ilocano and in English as well. Specifically, the objective is to determine the level of effectiveness of the existing and the proposed Zambaleños Dialects Local Dictionary Mobile Application that can run not only on android based mobile phones. The respondents were the faculty and students under the College of Communication and Information Technology which are enrolled in Ramon Magsaysay Technological University. Regarding the level of effectiveness of the Zambaleños Dialects Local Dictionary Mobile Application which was measured in the following criteria: presentation of information; design; interaction; and speed in learning words. The hypothesis tested is there exist no significant difference between the existing Zambal_Lect Android Base Application and Zambaleños Dialects Local Dictionary Mobile Application.

Accreditation is considered an essential mechanism in evaluating programs of higher education institutions (HEIs) in order to ensure quality education. It is a thorough evaluation of an accrediting agency to measure the holistic performance of an institution in providing quality instruction, research outputs, community extension services and other metrics relevant to the institutions thrust. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of both existing accreditation system and the proposed accreditation management system for Ramon Magsaysay Technological University. This study made use of causal comparative descriptive research to determine the cause or consequences of differences that already exist between or among group of individuals. This covered ninety eight total respondents, eighty-eight personnel respondents and ten accreditor respondents. These respondents was chosen using a purposive sampling technique, as based on the identified group of the respondents. The existing accreditation system and the proposed Accreditation Management System were both evaluated using Information Systems (IS) effectiveness measurements by Updated DeLone & McLean Success Model, namely; information quality, system quality, service quality, intention to use, user satisfaction and net benefits. The existing system evaluated as Moderately Effective by the respondents because there is a need for a systematic and accurate procedure for handling and collecting data and information, proper storage of records and files, and easy access of information for updates and evaluation while the proposed Accreditation Management System for RMTU adopting AACCUP standards evaluated as Effective which marks significant impact in the process of program accreditation. This concluded that proposed system is very helpful to the university for its significant features to store large amount of data and information, process data access, updates and retrieval for evaluation. The proposed accreditation management system for RMTU decisively chosen by the respondents as preferred accreditation system for the institution.