This study is to demonstrate business cycles and population oscillations in an endogenous population economic growth model with gender time distribution between work, children fostering and leisure. The model describes nonlinear dynamic interdependence between the birth rate, the mortality rate, the population, wealth accumulation, and time distribution. The production side follows the Solow model while the he population dynamics is based on by the Haavelmo population model and the Barro-Becker fertility choice model. The two approaches are integrated by applying the utility function proposed by Zhang. We simulate the model to demonstrate existence of equilibrium points and motion of the dynamic system and demonstrate existence of oscillations under different perturbations in the propensity to have children, woman’s propensity to pursue leisure activities, and woman’s human capital.

For long, micro-credit has been used as catalyst of fueling the growth of micro-small and medium enterprises. However, some records show that poor access to micro-credit among SMEs remains the major constraint of growth. This paper examines the effect of microcredit on the growth of SMEs that have accessed credit from five (5) existing microfinance banks in Sokoto State, Nigeria. The study is a cross-sectional survey in which stratified and purposeful sampling methods were used. Panel data of 248 SMEs was collected and two hypotheses were tested using fixed and random effects techniques for regression tests. The results indicate that after receiving micro-credit firms recorded a significant change in growth i.e. sales turnover and employment. The results also show that components of micro-credit such as amount received and loan tenor have significant influence on SMEs growth in terms of employment with p-value of 0.004*** and 0.009*** respectively. Although access to micro-credit influenced SMEs to achieve their growth objectives, inadequate infrastructure, lack of adequate finance, inadequate professional personnel and, lack of conducive business environment among others constrained their scale-up. Therefore as an addition to the growing body of literature of SME financing in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly, Nigeria the study recommends that; Microfinance banks should as a matter of priority consider Islamic financial products in improving financing alternatives to SMEs, and to improve on awareness campaigns and to facilitate their growth. Additionally, government together with development partners should focus attention on improving the inadequate professional personnel skills and capacities required for rapid SME growth.

Due to the rapid development of the internet, P2P (Peer to Peer) data communication system has become one of the most convenient and fastest transmission methods. But the transmission quality will be affected by the traffic flow, so the available bandwidth estimation technique has to be designed and adjusted adequately according to the characteristics of the network service. Up to date, the multimedia streaming network bandwidth estimation technique has become the most popular topic. And, this P2P related technology can be applied to local area communicating architecture, such as college campus or community etc. So that this paper implements pathChirp bandwidth estimation mechanism to an embedded system with CPU of TI DM365 under Linux operating system (OS). At the beginning, NAT (Network Address Translation) must be penetrated. Then the available bandwidth of the network environment will be calculated to determine the compression rate of codec H.264. After experimenting in three different network environments, we find the proposed mechanism that can really get a smooth video picture no matter what the traffic circumstance changes.

In this paper, we have implemented a real-time video recording and on-line learning system in education filed. The system can record
professor video and computer screen images in the class lectures, then automatically upload to the back-end multimedia server. And, this system can be applied to after-school tutoring, such as college or dental school etc. Students can choose the courses in order to facilitate learning. In this system, it consists of three components: Capture Agent, Core Server and Courseware. Capture Agent based on Aforge.Net Framework, which has two major features: video recording and automatic uploading. In class, the professor can activate Capture Agent by specifying audio-visual contents, and then upload the recorded materials to Core Server. Core Server will convert the materials to the appropriate format and publish online then. And, Courseware is based on OpenCart structure, which adopts the design framework of MVCL (Model View Controller Language). The framework can separate the representation of information from the users’ interaction with it. The Server is Core Server of Matterhorn, which receiving video, video compile and video release.

This paper is about the comparative study between the Indonesian and Chinese entrepreneurs who conduct their business in Bandung, Banjarmasin Palembang and Yogyakarta. The goal of this research is to find the effect of work meaning on the performance among the ethnic and non-ethnic groups of entrepreneurs in Indonesia. Using the general linear model, this study analysed 400 entrepreneurs from those four cities. The findings of this research show that there are significant differences among those two groups dealing with work meaning and work performance among those two groups.

Islamic thinkers started to introduce the concept of Traditional Arabic and Islamic Medicine (TAIM) at the end of the year 1960, as an alternative to the bio-medical model introduced by the West. Its development in the early stages was seen as competitive for the future. However until now, Islamic Medicine still has not stepped forward as a comprehensive health care model in any country compared to the Western health model. This article will thus assess the polemics of the community on the functional aspect of Islamic-based alternative medicine in Malaysia. Questionnaires distributed to patients of Malaysian Islamic treatment centers were analysed using inductive, descriptive and quantitative methods based in the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. In summary, polemics exist when discussing the function of Islamic-based alternative treatment. One view points towards seeing Islamic medicine as having a bigger role to play in the Muslim community in Malaysia as compared to other alternative treatments. Its importance in the treatment of diseases also cannot be denied.
However another view points towards Islamic medicine in Malaysia as motivated by two factors; (1) the Muslim community opts for alternative treatments because of their dissatisfaction with conventional treatment methods (Western bio-medical treatments), which is further compounded by the existence of diseases which are hard to identify and cannot be cured by modern methods; (2) Islamic medicine only focuses on treatments for spiritual related problems. The medium level of perception of respondents can also be seen as two factors; (1) the
role of Islamic alternative medicine in the treatment of physical diseases is not stressed; (2) the taking over of the functions of modern health institutions are considered inappropriate by the community. The results of these studies are useful as an initial step to empower the role of Islamic alternative medicine in accordance with the requirements of the current needs of the Muslim community.

Seaports play an important role in the economic integration of any port state even beyond the vital role they play in international trade and maritime transport by offering harbors for the safe berthing of ships that call on them. But for a port to be viable, it needs to know its clients and inter alia; their geographical locations in order to serve them well. The port must therefore, segment its hinterlands so that it will be able to do a thorough analysis of the needs of such hinterlands in order to improve port efficiency and to avoid cargo shifting to other neighboring ports.In doing this segmentation it is imperative to use quantitative analysis with a scientific theory model and method so that the reasonable hinterland of a particular port can be determined. Hinterland segmentation is defined in a scientific and rational manner after which port hinterland is described in a concise way, differentiating the different types of port hinterlands after which factors, which may determine the classification of port hinterlands, are also discussed. The gravitational model is thereafter, used to do an analysis of the hinterlands of the ports of Abidjan and Tema, both situated in the West African sub-region, then an empirical analysis is done based on the actual situation of the two ports under study.

Arkoun’s humanistic thought is essentially very close to the epistemoloogical basis of his Islamic thought, that is “Applied” Islamology, assuming a deconstruction of Islamic thought; an effort to compare between legacy of Islamic and Western thought, in separating from logocentrism of classical Islamic thought to contemporary Islamic epistemology through an effort to implement semiotics and social sciences. Based on the paradigm of the Applied Islamology, an idea that can be derived from Arcoun’s as a core of this article-is its implication in the field of Islamic humanity ethics. From this study, the writer finds out the urgency of mutual relation between Islamic and western in humanity issues, in which religious values can appear as its content. This research will using the heremeneutic approach according to the Paul Ricouer‟s mode of thought.

Creation of world-class universities in countries which have not had them yet or enhancement of existing universities up to the level of research universities is a worldwide trend because research universities play a key role in the global knowledge economy of the 21st century and are flagships in the development of higher education across the globe. In this article we deal with issues concerning relation between reforms aimed at transforming higher education institutions into world-class research universities and granting autonomy to them. The above tendencies will be analyzed by comparing Al Farabi KazNU and Nazarbayev University. Kazakh National University n. a. Al Farabi is justly considered as one of the best higher education institutions of the country throughout its history. President Nazarbayev noted that KazNU n.a. Al Farabi is a trendsetter for the whole system of higher education, it has successfully developed educational and scientific potential of the Republic.To study in such higher education institution is a great privilege because it opens the way for receiving elite education.Delivering a lecture to students of Nazarbayev University the President noted that the University’s experience of functioning as an autonomous institution should be extended to include other higher education institutions of the country.

Xiao Lin Village was destroyed by the Typhoon Morakot and villagers struggled with the dilemma between the faith of “seeing the lives or to see the corpses.” There is also the practical difficulties in the implementation, — whether to dig or not to dig up the remains. The people‟s decisions changed repeatedly. At the end, the funeral ceremony finished with partial remains and no remains. This study attempted
to explore — from funeral culture, and grief counseling theory and adopted the ethnographic research methods — the different grief healing effects for families after funerals between with intact remains and lack of remains of the victims. The study also used focus group interview methods to investigate the decision about the search for the victims‟ remains. If the body could not be found, what would be the ways to comfort and resolve families‟ mental hardship? This study is intended as a reference for the government and local groups in handling of related disasters in the future. After the first year of investigation, the preliminary findings showed that: First, Xiao Lin Village with idolatry and ancestor worship values, the concept of laid to rest has been non-inevitable; Second, subjecting to the objective environmental factors, most families had to abandon exhumations; Third, alternatives could make up for the deficiency of no remains.

This paper describes how the researcher teacher incorporated project management into the curriculum of an English-Chinese translation course. Participants (N=48) were instructed on basics of project management and completed a project on catering menu translation for a local restaurant. A questionnaire survey was conducted to understand how students received this design. And twelve out of the fifty-one participants accepted the invitation to be interviewed by the researcher teacher. Both qualitative and quantitative results indicate that students find time management most helpful.

The study delved into the lives of 66 self-professed LGBT in a catholic school.As a descriptive-qualitative research, it primarily made use of „mix-method” in data generation. Using a purposive sampling technique, there were 7 lesbians, 41 gays, 16 bi-sexuals and 2 transgenders; who participated in the study composed of students, faculty and non-teaching personnel who are majority Catholics, middleborn, and coming from middle-class family. Their classmates, homosexual peers, and the media personalities are top 3 of those who made them aware of their sexual identity as an LGBT. While their „barkada‟, their engagement with social media and their watching of
TV/movies were identified as major influencing elements in their development as an LGBT. They believed that their classmates, heterosexual peers, teachers and guidance counselors are accepting of their sexual identity. In general, they see LGBT in campus as “being accepted and respected” as they excel in academics, sports and performing arts. For most, they consider their “friends who understand” their “secret” and/or “ladlad” realities as their primary source of joys and happiness as an LGBT in school. They affirm that they are now
engaged into a myriad of sexual activities, top of which are dating, being in a homosexual relationship and engaging in “technology facilitated sex”. They believe that while they are engaged in myriad sexual activities they are also faced with a multitude of risks like getting into violent and/or abusive relationships, being vulnerable to sexually-transmitted infections, and public ridicule/discrimination thus may result to their lower morale and self-worth. Findings of the study pose challenge towards a collaborative initiative between and among administrators, faculty, non-teaching personnel, parents and students to facilitate the responsive psycho-socio-educational, health-related and moral-spiritual services to the growing number of LGBT in the University.

With limited water resources and the impacts of climate changes in recent decades and the increasing needs of the industry, water and environment, water use in agriculture as the main consumer of water sources should be managed for the benefit of other sectors. In this context, the determination and analysis of indicators of water productivity can be a good practice for correct policy making for agricultural and non-agricultural products in achieving the maximum profit, sustainable development, food security, productive employment and cases like this, and obviously it is not possible to depend on irrigation efficiency to determine the correct use of water.CPD index as an indicator can be used for annual assessment of the changes in the productivity of agricultural water, but it should be noted that issues such as ignoring other factors in production and factors like this can be introduced as the sources of error in this type of index. This study was examined and evaluated aiming to assess the productivity of water in the fields under cultivation of several crops such as cereals, vegetables, cucurbits and forage plants in Evan plain in Khuzestan by CPD index, according to data obtained about the area under cultivation and products and water use in three crop years 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12. The results showed that the average water productivity of wheat 1.29, barely 0.97, rice 0.67, corn 1.51, onion 7.81, tomatoes6.28, green beans 2.83, watermelon 4.88, cucumbers 6.37, clover 3.67, sorghum 18.24, corn 4.33 (Kg/m3), among which the sorghum has the most appropriate use of water and rice has the highest water use in the region under study.

Tobacco is the main ingredient of cigarettes. The demand of tobacco is constantly increasing each year. According to the Tobacco Farmers’ Association (APTI, 2011) PT Gudang Garam has demanded 7500 tons of tobacco. The number of demand has increased from that of the previous year (2010), which only demanded 6500 tons of tobacco. By the same token, the increase of demand happened to PT Djarum Kudus, who in 2010 only requested for 5000. Now it has added the request to 6000 tons of Tobacco. PT Bentoel, who in 2010 did not submit a request of tobacco, ordered 3000 tons of Tobacco in 2011. Therefore, we have an idea that is APAKAUTIS: The Application of
Solar Panel as the Electricity Generator Equipped with Power Control Electricity for Tobacco Product Optimization. The power control used through temperature indicator and light intensity in the device itself makes use of 9 principles and several different types, they are: trapmf, trimf, zmf, pimf, and smf. The controlling indicator used to control the temperature is LM35, while the one used to control light
intensity us Luxmeter. The Microcontroller applied to the minimum system is ATMega 16. The range used for temperature is 0-100°C, 0-1800 lux for light intensity, and 0-150 W for electrical power. When the temperature reaches 27,1°C, and the light intensity reaches 188 lux, the electrical power reaches 123W. When the temperature reaches 85,8°C, and the light intensity reaches 990 lux, the electrical power reaches 21,9 W. Therefore, with the existence of APAKAUTIS, the tobacco in Indonesia possesses a quality that can compete with the competitors, and the production certainly becomes more optimal.

A new method of biological dosimetry, biodosimetry, used to measure the relative expression of genes sensitive to radiation. QPCR technique can be used with great sensitivity the relative expression of target genes. In this work we have evaluated linear regression gene expression levels of radiation workers with their annual occupational exposure. 2cc of venous blood was obtained from 36 radiation workers and RNA of lymphocytes was extracted up to 2 hours after sampling. Volunteer’s questionnaires shows that the annual adsorbed dose in the radiation workers group is in the range of 1.6±1.0mSv. Gene expression results were normalized with B2M as housekeeping gene and targets are evaluated using relative standard curve method. Statistical analysis of data was performed by SPSS 10.1.1 software. Linear regression tests were performed in TGFb1 expression levels of 36 samples in radiation groups by their annual doses. The analysis showed that TGFb1 expression related to dose level in radiation workers. Regression of TGFb1 and absorbed dose of radiation workers were significant (p<0.005) and with R square were equal by 0.297. This finding showed that gene expression levels of specific targets can be useful for doing biological dosimetry and individuals monitoring in radiation accidents or occupational exposures.

Health care is one of the professions in which work-related musculoskeletal disorders seen much. The chronic low back pain experienced by patient caregivers can disturb their professional performance. Patient handling in hospital is the main cause of low back pain in this population. There is no instrument to measure factors associated with this problem. The aim of this study is the psychometric evaluation of a Multidisciplinary Work Related Low Back Pain Predictor Questionnaire (MWRLBPPQ) among Iranians workers of Care Services with the task of patient handling based on social cognitive theory. This was a cross sectional study carried out in Qom, Iran from July 26, 2014 to November 26, 2014 . A Work Related Low Back Pain Predictors Questionnaire (WRLBPPQ(( based on nine concepts of the social cognitive theory and existed literature regarding chronic low back pain was developed . Ten workers of care services completed the questionnaire as a pilot and its ambiguities have been resolved. Exploratory factor analysis was used to conduct construct validity. This questionnaire was distributed among 452 workers of care services in hospitals located in different geographically areas in Gom, Iran. Cronbach’s Alpha was calculated to assess reliability. An exploratory factor analysis loaded seven concepts of Self-efficacy, knowledge, Outcome perception, Self-control, Emotional coping , Self – efficacy in overcoming impediments and environment. All concepts were jointly accounted for 50.08% of variance of behavior change. The Exploratory factor analysis suggested a model with appropriate fitness for the data. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient showed favorable internal consistency (alpha=0.83), and test-retest of the scale with 2-week intervals indicated an appropriate stability for the WRLBPPQ .The Work related Low Back Pain Predictors Questionnaire (WRLBPPQ) is a reliable and valid theory-based instrument which can be used to predict the factors influencing work related low back pain among workers with the task of patient handling in hospitals.