Teachers always search new methods and materials to make their lessons more interesting and productive. One of the most challenging kinds of materials for English lessons is using literature. Language learning requires four skills of reading comprehension, writing, listening and speaking. Some materials cannot provide assignments to improve these skills, but literature fulfills these four skills. Literature in teaching and learning English helps to deal with culture, customs and traditions. This paper aims to pinpoint the relevant role of literature, especially The Book of Words of Abai Kunanbayev in English teaching. The Book of Words is the invaluable treasure of Kazakh literature to share perception, support and negotiate opinions, increase reasoning and critical thinking. The present paper will discuss the importance and benefits of using literature as a good source in teaching English language.

Astana is the young capital of independent Kazakhstan that is booming on a yearly basis. One of the clearest reflections of this process is the emergence of many new streets. Our research concentrates on the place names in Astana as the new capital of Kazakhstan. This paper presents the analysis of etymological origins and historical aspects (renamings) of street names; demonstrates how and to what extent the street names can be classified into categories.

A total of 229 confirmed cholera cases were reported in Alborz Province during an outbreak that lasted from June 2011 to August 2011. This study aimed to identify potential sources of transmission in order to determine suitable interventions in similar outbreaks. In other words, the lessons learned from this retrospective study can be utilized to manage future similar outbreaks. An age- and sex-matched case control study was conducted during the outbreak. For each case, two control subjects were selected from the neighborhood. A case of cholera was defined as a bacteriologically confirmed case with signs and symptoms of cholera. This study was conducted from June 14, 2011 through August 2011. The data were analyzed by calculating odds ratios (ORs) using the logistic regression method. In this outbreak, 229 confirmed cholera cases were diagnosed. The following risk factors were found to be associated with cholera: consumption of unrefrigerated leftover food (OR=3.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.72–5.41), consumption of vegetables and fruits in the previous three days (OR=2.75, 95% CI=1.95–3.89), and a history of traveling in the previous five days (OR=5.21, 95% CI=2.21–9.72). Consumption of vegetables and fruits has remained an unresolved risk factor in cholera outbreaks in Iran in recent years. In order to reduce the risk of cholera, sanitary standards for fruits and vegetables should be observed at all points from production to consumption, the population should be educated regarding hygienic food storage during outbreaks, and sanitary standards should be maintained when traveling during cholera outbreaks.

Non-communicable diseases are major cause of female mortality. Among the most important non-communicable diseases in both sexes we can mention cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and respiratory diseases and these diseases are influenced by lifestyle. Among the most important risk factors associated with obesity we can mention excess weight, insufficient physical activity, unhealthy nutrition, smoking, high blood pressure, high blood sugar and blood fat disorder. This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 4384 women aged from 30 to 60 Years in city, suburban (margin area) and rural areas in Tehran in 2015. This study was done with the aim to determine the problems of lifestyle and risk factors in Iranian women. Measuring anthropometric index showed that 1.6% are slim, 32.1%are natural, 36.6% are overweight,29.5% are obese and 37.3 had abdominal obesity. Nutrition survey showed that 21.3% had inadequate intake of dairy product, 14% had inadequate intake of fruit, 20% had inadequate intake of vegetables, 31.4 had poor dietary habits, 40.1% had inadequate physical activity and 6.3% had tobacco use or were exposed to indirect cigarette smoke. The high prevalence of overweight and obesity in women requires effective intervention programs.