Arts-based methods are often conceptualized as generating a different kind of knowledge, which allows to understand by feeling. As it is tacit it can trigger intuition, creativity and improvisation. Hence it is seen as being opposite of rational, analytic knowledge and treated as a remedy in order to cure the shortcomings of rational planning in a chaotic environment. In this paper it is argued, that the difference of bodily feeling and analytic, rational thinking and knowing is idealized and should be studied in the context of concrete situations of action in organizations in order to get a more realistic view of the differences. An in depth study of a strategy process based on drawings is presented, showing that by the use of visional art the communication process itself is changed so that different knowledge is brought forth..

This study aimed to establish a prototype of the interdisciplinary model of the expert system for assessing the potential risks of environment and health. The self-developed system used open source technology including Java, MySQL, QGIS, and R freeware to integrate the multiple analytics models with process automation in cloud computing. The system architecture comprises three multidisciplinary domains including (1) combinative data acquisition, (2) subject-oriented statistics computing, and (3) supportive decision criteria and risk map. Thus an environment and health data warehouse, which provides the repository of measurement data for environmental medicine and public health, is designed as the basis of infrastructure. The functions in the acquisition domain intend to retrieve measurement data for environmental monitoring and questionnaire intervention through the diverse interfaces such as paper works, internet Web site, and mobile Apps. The modules in the computing domains propose online statistics required by the subjects of the case studies, and become the core of the expert system to feed back the expert opinions. The feedback in the decision domain can support the risk map and evaluation criteria for assistance of ubiquitous health care. Feasibility, accuracy, and adaptability of the proposed model were evaluated by our prior projects that were relative to the public health researches in epidemiological measurement. Simulation results were approved by commercial statistics software and the performance was discussed. The analytics process of the expert system can return the risk criteria for environmental and health assessment.

This research uses the integrative forms of inquiry to examine the characteristics of the curriculum and narrative, which is a major idea of J. Bruner who had an important influence on psychology and pedagogy and to discusses the learner’s viewpoint embedded in it. In education, the learner is a key issue because the curriculum or the teaching changes according to how to look at the learner’s mind. In particular, this study divides existing perspective about learner or the problem of the mind looking at the learner into four categories and examines the problem of the learner’s subjectivity embedded in the categories. As a result of research, the curriculum emphasized in the existing perspective about learner is a delivery and conduit concept, whereas the curriculum emphasized by Bruner is a curriculum focusing on the meaning making. Understanding the learner’s mind and considering the process of constructing meaning is a key aspect in the narrative curriculum. Teaching contents in this curriculum should consider the problem of folk pedagogy. Thus, in this paper, we propose a problem of subjectivity and a new teaching method related to the learner’s mind inherent in Bruner’s newly emphasized narrative curriculum.

Globally, educational trends change from rote learning and test-centered class to communicative and active learning. Korea is one of the countries that promote new trends in education. Especially, Bruner’s narrative theory and Wiggins & McTighe’s backward design get attention due to congruence with new educational trends. When combining narrative with backward design, the effect of education will maximize. However, there have been few studies about way of integration until now. Under this atmosphere, there is need to research the way to integrate emerging good two theories. Therefore, this study explored how to integrate narrative theory into backward design for schooling. For solving the research question, based on the literature review, this study designed an exploratory research and suggested a few ways to integrate the two. Narrative is, according to Bruner, mode of human thoughts, structure for organizing knowledge, and instrument for instruction. As narrative has series of accumulated acts, meaningful events in human minds, three stages of backward design can apply narrative-base aspects. In stage 1, enduring understanding and essential questions are not for a test or a class. As they are permanent and meaningful in our lives, narrative can apply to them. In stage 2, as performance tasks have a narrative-form, it can maximize learning effects. In stage 3, by providing reflection and construction of one’s narrative in a class, learning plan will be much more impressive to students’ school lives. In a nutshell, fusion of narrative and backward design will suffice Korean new curriculum’s six key competencies. Students’ active and communicative competencies can develop through the integration. Furthermore, this fusion or integration would be applicable to worldwide education, and schooling will be much more meaningful than the before.

The Navier-Stokes equations describe the motion of a Newtonian fluid, and represent the balance between the rate of change of momentum of an element of fluid and the forces acting on it, where the stress is linearly related to the rate of strain of the fluid. Exact solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations exist only in very particular cases [1]. These analytical solutions provide an insight into the behavior of fluids in motion [3]. They also provide an instrument for new mathematical methods or a useful validation for a computer code [5]. The first example deals with parallel flow through a straight channel, steady-state, laminar flow, that is Poiseuille flow, which produces a symmetric, parabolic velocity profile, which is produced by a negative rate of change of pressure with respect to the longitudinal variable [2]. Then, flow through an annular die, that is, two fixed concentric cylinders, is considered. The resulting velocity profile, resembles one of parabolic type, but is not symmetric. The third example refers to slow flow past a sphere. This steady-state exact solution is obtained with a stream-function formulation. Finally, a full three dimensional, involving all three Cartesian velocity components, unsteady analytical solution is shown for a cubic cavity, by modifying an exact solution in two dimensions. The Navier-Stokes are important in many applications of incompressible fluids [6], or in more general and complex problems, where they could provide an acceptable approximation.